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Final Multisystems Microbiology > When Animals Bite > Flashcards

When Animals Bite Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who is most likely to get bit by a dog?

A

9 year old boy

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2
Q

Who is most likely to get bit by a cat?

A

75 year of women

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3
Q

Dog bites

A
  • 60% of animal bites
  • mostly young boys
  • Inc in sexually intact male gods
  • Inc in purebred status
  • More often hand and face attacked
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4
Q

Type of dog that is #1 cause of human death?

A

Pit bull breed: Staffordshire terrier

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5
Q

Cat bites

A
  1. Less destructive/life threatening
  2. Deeper puncture wounds (may cause osteomyletis)
  3. Inc risk of infection/soft tissue abscess (Rapid progression to infection)
  4. More often upper extremities
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6
Q

Most common pathogens in Dog/care bite wound infections

A
  1. Pasturella (cat>dogs)
  2. Capnocytophagia canimorsus (dog>cat)
  3. Anaerobes: Bacteroides, Fusobacteria, Porphyromonas, Prevotella
  4. Skin flora: Staphylococci, Streptococci
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7
Q

Tell me about Pasturella structure?

A

Gm (-) bacilli, facultative anaerobe, catalase (+), oxidase (+)

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8
Q

What does it look like when stained? What do you grow it on?

A

Growth on 5% sheep’s blood agar.

Shows bipolar staining (safety pin like yersinia!)

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9
Q

Where do we get Pasturella from (soft ball)

A

Source: respiratory tract of cats and dogs. Transmission: BITES

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10
Q

Sx of Pasturella infection

A

soft tissue infections (cellulitis) w/in 24 hours of bite.
May develop into necrotizing fasciitis or osteomyelitis. Systemic spread (pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis) and lymphadenopathy esp in those with COPD or liver dz.

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11
Q

Tx for Pasturella infections?

A

PCN + beta lactamase inhibitor (amoxicillin + clavulanate)

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12
Q

Tell me about Capnocytophaga canimorsus structure?

A

Gm(-) rod

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13
Q

Where do we find Capnocytophaga canimorsus and how do we get it?

A

It’s normal flora in dog>cats and we get it from bites

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14
Q

Management of animal bite wounds?

A
  1. Irrigate the shit out of it, debridgement
  2. X-rays to make sure surgical eval is not needed. Look for fractures.
  3. Elevate extremity
  4. Antibiotics
  5. Tetanus (if human bite)
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15
Q

When do you give antibiotic prophylaxis?

A
  1. Deep puncture wounds
  2. Crush injuries
  3. Wounds involving venous/lymphatic compromise
  4. Wounds close to hand/joint/bone
  5. Wounds needing surgical repair
  6. Immunocompromised pt
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16
Q

Go to drug for dog/cat bites?

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

17
Q

What drugs should you avoid?

A
  1. Cephalexin
  2. Dicloxacillin
  3. Erythromycin
18
Q

Alternative drugs if PCN allergy?

A

Fluoroquinolone+metronidazole or clindamycin

DON’T USE CLINDAMYCIN ALONE–misses pasturella

19
Q

Pregnant lady with PCN allergy gets bit by a cat. NOOOOO! What do you treat her with??

A

Azithromycin.

Can’t use PCN cuz of allergy
Can’t use fluoroquinolones/metronidazole in pregnant ladies

20
Q

Common pathogens transmitted through human bites

A
  1. Staph/Strep
  2. Anaerobes: Eikenella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Porphyromonas
  3. Viral: HBV, HCV, HSV
21
Q

Human bite should make you think of

A

Eikenella corrodens

22
Q

Structure of Eikenella corrodens

A

Fastidious Gram(-) facultative anaerobic bacillus

23
Q

Tx for Eikenella corrodens

A

PCN (amox/clav), fluoroquinolones, TMP/SMX, doxy

24
Q

What bacteria is associated with bites in the Middle East?

A

Acinetobacter baumannii

25
Q

Structure of Acinetobacter baumannii

A

Gram(-) coccobacillus

26
Q

Common infection from rats?

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

27
Q

Structure of Streptobacillus moniliformis

A

Gm (-) branching bacilli

28
Q

Who gets Streptobacillus moniliformis?

A

children, low SES, labs, pet shops

29
Q

What does Streptobacillus moniliformis cause?

A

rat bite fever”: relapsing fever, pustular rash, migratory polyarthritis
Common complication: endocarditis

30
Q

Tx for Streptobacillus moniliformis?

A

PCN + beta lactamase inhibitor (amoxicillin + clavulanate= augmentin) , doxycycline

31
Q

Where will you get a Mycobacterium marinum infection from?

A

FISHYSSS

lives free in fresh/salt water

32
Q

What does Mycobacterium marinum cause?

A

Fish tank granuloma” after minor injury/abrasion while cleaning fish tank. Soft skin papules, pustules and ulcers weeks after exposure

33
Q

Tx options for Mycobacterium marinum

A

Rifampin + ethambutol, tetracyclines, TMP-SMX, clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones

34
Q

Where will you get a Vibrio vulnificus infection from?

A

shellfish/oysters, brackish water in the summer

35
Q

What doe Vibrio vulnificus cause?

A

red, painful hemorrhagic bullae, GI distress

can lead to: septicemia, death

36
Q

What does vibrio vulnificus look like?

A

Gram (-), comma shaped

37
Q

If you get bit by a snake what bacterial infection will you likely get?

A

Salmonella from the snake’s oral flora

38
Q

Antibiotic to treat salmonella infection from snake bite?

A

ceftriaxone, B-lactamase inhibitors

Final Multisystems Microbiology (16 decks)

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