Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Host Defense & Microbiology > Zoonotic Infections > Flashcards

Zoonotic Infections Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
2
Q

zoonosis

A

an animal disease that is transmissable to humans, who are usually an accidental host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how is anthrax an animal reservoir?

A

we come in contact with the spores in the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

emerging infectious disease

A

infection that has newly appeared in the population, or has existed but is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name 5 ways that zoonoses can be transmitted

A

direct skin penetration (micro-breaks in the skin), bites and scratches, inhalation, ingestion, vector-borne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name 2 zoonotic infections transmitted by direct skin penetration

A

anthrax, tularemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

microbiology of leptospirosis

A

spiral shaped aerobic spirochete seen by dark-field microscopy or culture (takes a long time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how prevalent (generally) and in what part of the world is leptospirosis usually found?

A

most common bacterial zoonosis wordwide, usually in tropical countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two major sources of leptospirosis acquisition?

A

recreational exposure & traveling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name 4 risk factors for leptospirosis

A

fresh water swimming, hiking, rafting, fishing, poor sanitation, flooding, urban overcrowding (infected rats), farming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the common symptoms of leptospirosis?

A

abrupt onset fevers, rigors, myalgia, and headache, some get GI symptoms and cough, some are asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do you diagnose leptospirosis?

A

blood and CSF cultures are positive for the first 10 days of illness, urine becomes positive after that until day 30; can also identify by serology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name a bacterial and a viral zoonotic organism that is transmitted by animal bites and scratches

A

Pasteurella multocida (GNR - cats, dogs) & rabies virus (bats, skunks, raccoons, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what organism is responsible for cat scratch disease/fever?

A

bartonella henselae (fastidious, slow growing GNR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

epidemiology of cat scratch disease

A

found worldwide, effects more children, usually transmitted by kittens, fall/early winter, 13% of head/neck masses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of cat scratch disease?

A

wide variation; local infection with swollen regional lymph nodes, fever of unknown origin, skin papule at site of inoculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how to diagnose cat scratch disease

A

culture requires specific media, histo can be helpful, PRC not very sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

microbiology of pasteurella multocida

A

gram-negative coccobacilli that are small, non-motile, and non-spore forming; aerobic and facultative; grow on blood agar; catalase, oxidase, indole, and sucrose POSITIVE

19
Q

clinical manifestations of pasteurella

A

soft tissue infections (painful, swollen), bone and joint infections from cat claws, respiratory infections

20
Q

how to diagnose and treat pasteurella

A

culture blood or body fluid on sheep blood agar, treat with penicillin

21
Q

rabies virus

A

neurotropic bullet-shaped segmented negative strand RNA virus that binds to nicotinic ACh receptors

22
Q

pathogenesis of rabies

A

retrograde passage up local motor and sensory nerves to DRG and CNS, spread back to organs, saliva from the CNS

23
Q

why does rabies have such a long incubation period?

A

because its retrograde migration is very slow

24
Q

what animals transmit the rabies virus worldwide? In the US?

A

worldwide usually dogs, wild animals in the US because we vaccinate our pets (raccoons on the east coast)

25
Q

what happens once symptoms of rabies appear?

A

progressively worsening encephalopathy, come, and death

26
Q

how can we diagnose rabies?

A

viral PCR of saliva, skin biopsy; can find antibodies in serum/CSF

27
Q

what can be seen in a brain biopsy of someone who died of rabies?

A

negri bodies: eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of nerve cells

28
Q

how to prevent rabies pre- and post-exposure

A

pre-exposure: 3 IM vaccine injections; post-exposure: wound care, immunoglobulin to the site, 5 doses of vaccine over one month

29
Q

zoonotic infections transmitted primarily by inhalation

A

plague, Q fever, tularemia

30
Q

what is the agent responsible for tularemia?

A

francisella tularensis (gram neg coccobacilli – requires time and cysteine to grow, but hardy in nature)

31
Q

pathogenesis of tularemia

A

small inoculum, replicates in macrophages, capsule protects against serum-mediated lysis, type IV pili, LPS does NOT have classic endotoxin

32
Q

what animals are the host for tularemia?

A

LOTS, including rabbits, ticks, deer flies, mosquitos, voles

33
Q

where in the US is tularemia particularly prevalent?

A

Martha’s Vineyard, midwest

34
Q

clinical manifestations of tularemia

A

2-10 day incubation, abrupt onset of fever, chills, headache, and malaise with swollen LN being the most common sign (6 major clinical syndromes, but most have ulcerogladular ds which has papulo-ulcerative lesion)

35
Q

microbiology of plague bacteria

A

enterobacteriaceae family, non-motive, non-spore forming gram negative coccobacillus; microaerophilic

36
Q

how to do humans acquire the plague?

A

bites by rodent fleas, infected domestic cats, aerosols, humans with plague

37
Q

how to dx the plague

A

culture, serology, rapid diagnostic test

38
Q

Q fever is caused by what organism?

A

coxiella burnetii (short pleomorphic strict intracellular rod – host cell is macrophage)

39
Q

mammals infected with Q fever shed large amounts of organism is their?

A

milk and birth products

40
Q

how is Q fever acquired?

A

contaminated aerosol, bioterrorism, transplacental, sexual, soil and standing water (SO BASICALLY EVERYTHING)

41
Q

clinical presentation of Q fever

A

looks like pneumonia, flu, or hepatitis; can become chronic

42
Q

diagnosis of Q fever

A

serologic: 90% have antibodies by week 3 (IgM and IgG for acute, high levels of IgG for chronic)

43
Q

treatment for Q fever

A

14 days of doxycycline (acute) or 18 months if chronic

Host Defense & Microbiology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions