Intro to Arbo Infections Flashcards
what has caused the recent resurgence of vector-borne disease in the last century?
insecticide resistance, drug resistance, breakdown in vector control, environmental changes, global commerce and travel
name 6 important arthropod vectors (all rely on human blood as a food source)
mosquito, dog tick, black legged tick, flea, kissing bug, tsetse fly
the plague is caused by _____ and transmitted by ______.
yersinia pestis, fleas
RMSF is caused by ____ and transmitted by ____.
R. rickettsii, dog ticks/Dermacentor (only North & South America)
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by _____ and transmitted by ______.
ehrlichia chaffeensis, Lone Star ticks
The agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is _______ and transmitted by ______.
anaplasma phagocytophila, black legged ticks
The agent of tularemia is ______ and transmitted by ______.
francisella tularensis, ticks
The agent of Lyme disease is _____ and transmitted by _____.
borrelia burgdorferi, black legged ticks
Most bacterial vector-borne diseases are transmitted by ____.
ticks
Name 3 flaviviruses with mosquito vectors. Which 2 are present in the US?
dengue, west nile, yellow fever (not in US)
name an alphavirus that causes arthritis
chikungunya
what is the only parasitic vector-borne disease present in the US?
babesiosa (from babesia parasite)
The agent of malaria is _____ and transmitted by ______.
plasmodium spp., mosquito
The agent of leishmaniasis is ______; it is transmitted by ______.
leishmania, sandflies
The agent of African Sleeping Sickness is _____; it is transmitted by ______.
trypanosome brucei, tsetse flies
name 3 exceptions to the fact that humans are dead end hosts for vector-borne pathogens.
malaria, urban plague, dengue are all human reservoirs
intrinsic incubation period
time from host infection to the host being infectious
extrinsic incubation period
time from vector infection to the vector being infectious
grace period
time after which human has been infected with virus, but we can still prevent disease
how long is the extrinsic incubation period for malaria?
10 days (mosquito)
how long is the extrinsic incubation period for Lyme ds?
1-6 months! (tick-borne)
why are vectors so specific?
pathogen must replicate within the vector, moving from the gut to hemocoel (bloodstream) to salivary gland, etc. to reinfect – this requires very specific receptors all along the way!
what does the tick release when feeding on the host?
anticoagulants, vasodilators, anesthetics, anti-inflamm agents, immunosuppressive agents, etc.
