Test 4 Cases Flashcards
the HBV vaccine is what type?
recombinant protein vaccine administered to newborns and school children
antivirals for acute and chronic HBV
don’t treat acute HBV; treat chronic with chain-terminators (entecavir, adofevir, lamivudine)
routes of transmission for HBV
sexual, mother to child, parenteral
positivity for anti-HBc Ab indicates?
exposure to Hep B
HBsAb suggests?
protective immunity to Hep B
lack of HBsAg and HBeAg indicate?
low viral load; probably not a chronic infection
anti-Hbe Ab indicates?
early immune response
what are the two major virulence factors of pasteurella multocida?
capsule, LPS
organisms commonly infecting chronic wounds in diabetics
pseudomonas, staph, enterobacteria
evidence for osteomyelitis
radiographic: periosteal thickening, lesions, new bone growth; elevated ESR; high WBCs
empiric treatment for bacteremia/sepsis
vancomycin (gram+) & cefepime (gram-, anaerobes)
PNH
deficient in surface proteins on RBCs that prevent complement mediated lysis
Eculizumab
monoclobal antibody that binds C5 and prevents MAC formation, thus inhibiting terminal complement activation (puts patients at higher risk for neisserial infections)
Chikungunya virus is in what Family of viruses?
alphavirus (family: togavirus); positive sense ssRNA that typically causes encephalitis or arthritis
what viruses are transmitted by aedes mosquitos?
chikungunya, Dengue, Yellow Fever
urban vs. sylvatic cycle
urban cycle pathogens spend the majority of their time in domestic animals, while sylvatic are generally specific to wild animals (humans are accidental host)
is chikungunya urban or sylvatic in its cycle?
sylvatic (usually in non-human primates)
there is concern that the chikungunya virus has developed mutations enabling it to survive in what common vector?
aedes albopictus (Asian Tiger mosquito) – originally only in the aedes aegypti mosquito
