Test 4 Cases

Question 2

the HBV vaccine is what type?

Answer 2

recombinant protein vaccine administered to newborns and school children

Question 3

antivirals for acute and chronic HBV

Answer 3

don’t treat acute HBV; treat chronic with chain-terminators (entecavir, adofevir, lamivudine)

Question 4

routes of transmission for HBV

Answer 4

sexual, mother to child, parenteral

Question 5

positivity for anti-HBc Ab indicates?

Answer 5

exposure to Hep B

Question 6

HBsAb suggests?

Answer 6

protective immunity to Hep B

Question 7

lack of HBsAg and HBeAg indicate?

Answer 7

low viral load; probably not a chronic infection

Question 8

anti-Hbe Ab indicates?

Answer 8

early immune response

Question 9

what are the two major virulence factors of pasteurella multocida?

Answer 9

capsule, LPS

Question 10

organisms commonly infecting chronic wounds in diabetics

Answer 10

pseudomonas, staph, enterobacteria

Question 11

evidence for osteomyelitis

Answer 11

radiographic: periosteal thickening, lesions, new bone growth; elevated ESR; high WBCs

Question 12

empiric treatment for bacteremia/sepsis

Answer 12

vancomycin (gram+) & cefepime (gram-, anaerobes)

Question 13

PNH

Answer 13

deficient in surface proteins on RBCs that prevent complement mediated lysis

Question 14

Eculizumab

Answer 14

monoclobal antibody that binds C5 and prevents MAC formation, thus inhibiting terminal complement activation (puts patients at higher risk for neisserial infections)

Question 15

Chikungunya virus is in what Family of viruses?

Answer 15

alphavirus (family: togavirus); positive sense ssRNA that typically causes encephalitis or arthritis

Question 16

what viruses are transmitted by aedes mosquitos?

Answer 16

chikungunya, Dengue, Yellow Fever

Question 17

urban vs. sylvatic cycle

Answer 17

urban cycle pathogens spend the majority of their time in domestic animals, while sylvatic are generally specific to wild animals (humans are accidental host)

Question 18

is chikungunya urban or sylvatic in its cycle?

Answer 18

sylvatic (usually in non-human primates)

Question 19

there is concern that the chikungunya virus has developed mutations enabling it to survive in what common vector?

Answer 19

aedes albopictus (Asian Tiger mosquito) – originally only in the aedes aegypti mosquito