Arbo-Bacteria Flashcards
vertebrate hosts for Lyme disease
Rodents
vectors for lyme disease
black legged ticks
borrelia burgdorferi (the bacterial cause of lyme disease) is a?
spirochete
the most common place to develop arthritis secondary to lyme disease is the?
knee (86% in one study)
at what time of year is Lyme disease spread?
summer months, peaking in July
what are the 3 life stages of a tick and what must occur before development into each subsequent stage?
larvae ? nymph ? adult, must have 1 blood meal at each stage
what is the typical feeding cycle of a tick (what host at what stage)?
larvae feed on rodent with b. burgdorferi ? nymph feed on humans or rodents and transmit spirochete ? adults feed on deer, sometimes humans
how do black legged ticks acquire borrelia burgdorferi?
they must feed on an infected mouse/rodent (no vertical transmission)
how long must ticks feed in order to transmit borrelia?
48 hours, because this is how long it takes for the spirochetes to travel from the tick gut to the tick saliva
where in the US is the incidence of Lyme disease greatest?
NE, upper midwest (kind of follows democratic voting haha)
how is the global distribution of Lyme disease different from most?
found in temperate regions, rather than tropical like most
genome of b. burgdorferi
full of plasmids, membrane proteins constantly change and remodel
how does b. burgdorgeri cause disease in host?
extracellular, antibodies cannot clear infection, lipoproteins activate TLR2 and cause inflammation
how is b. burg able to survive in so many different hosts?
phase variation, can turn genes on and off
how does b. burgdorgeri evade the human immune response?
antigenic variation through DNA recombination of the vls cassette – surface is constantly changing and antibodies cannot keep up
most lyme disease patients don’t recall a tick bite because?
the nympho stage when humans are usually infected is very small