Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Tropical medicine - All clinical images copyright Gorgas course - : Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt > Zoonotic helminths + extras > Flashcards

Zoonotic helminths + extras Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by zoonotic helminth

A

Humans are dead end hosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes visceral larva migrans? What human helminth is it the same as? Life cycle ? Sx

A

Toxocara canis/cati [or Baylisascariasis]
-type of Ascaris
Dogs pass eggs in faeces
Human ingests - > larva hatch in bowel
Migrate mostly to LIVER then die
-Occasionally to eye / spleen / other places

Get Hepatosplenomegaly (tiny granuloma where ascaris dies) and Eosinophilia
+/- Retinal granuloma [ocularlarva migrans]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Toxocara canis/cati rx? Prevent ?

A

Larvae will die over a few weeks
[Maybe DEC]
Steroids for ocular disease

Lids on sandboxes
Deworm puppies - can be infected by mother though placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ix Toxocara canis/cati

A

NO eggs in stool as worms in the wrong host and die - likey clinical with eosinophilia and hepatomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Baylisascaris procynois from? Features? Dx?

A

Racoons
Larvae migrate though CNS -> eosinophilic meningitis and common ocular involvement
[REALLY BAD - basically eat through brain]

Brain imaging often lags clinical disease
Basically everyone who gets this dies

[Baylifts take bins where racoons live]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Baylisascariasis procynois from? Features? Dx?

A

Racoons
Larvae migrate though CNS -> eosinophilic meningitis and common ocular involvement
[REALLY BAD - basically eat through brain]

Brain imaging often lags clinical disease
[Can get serology in some labs]

Basically, everyone who gets this dies
No proven Rx - people give albendazole
[BUT albendazole does not really work against Larva of any helminth]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cutaneous lava migrans caused by? Main issue? Rx?

A

Dog/cat ancylostoma
Eg Ancylostoma Braziliense
Bacterial superinfection

Single dose Albendazole / ivermectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

goes to dinner at a well-known sushi bar. 4 hrs later develops the worst abdominal pain ever experienced

A

Anisakis larva

‘Ani sak that’s sore’

[Pseudoterranova decipiens]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anisakis from? Rx? prevent?

A

Raw seafood
Endoscope removal of nematode or may need surgical resection of eosinophilic granuloma

Need to freeze for 4 hours
Experienced chefs can identify larva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

insidious onset of an intractable bitemporal headache
Development of meningismus and a 6th nerve palsy
CSF eosinophilic meningitis
Seafood Market=

A

Angiostrongyliasis (eosinophilic
meningitis)
Angiostrongylus cantonensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Angiostrongyliasis from ? Features? Imaging? Dx? Species?

A

Rat lungworm lays eggs -> faeces
[then the number of intermediate hosts including slugs/snails which can contaminate greens]

Eosinophilic meningitis
MRI - generalised meningeal thickening
PCR for Dx

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Angiostrongyliasis classic vector

A

Giant African land snails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Angiostrongyliasis Rx?

A

CSF taps
Steroids
[Antihelminths mostly contraindicarted as if larva die in brain -> inflammation (some use with high dose steroids)]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gnathostomiasis from? Intermediate host?

A

Cats [garfield]
Fish intermediate host (sushi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gnathostomiasis features? Main complication? Rx?

A

Woms have spines on -> when migrating cause haemorrhagic tracts [creeping eruption]
-Track like necrosis with haemorrhage along nematode tract

Key issue is cerebral haemorrhage if migrates through CNS

Cook food
Ivermectin / albendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cerebral haemorrhage which worm?

A

Gnathostomiasis

gnathostomiasis spinigerum

17
Q

Open lung resection of pulmonary nodule - worm discovered = ? From?

A

Dirofilariasis
Dogs - lives in R ventricle of heart
- This is what dogs get de wormed for “heartworm’

[Causes necrotic lesion in lungs]

dirofilaria immitis

18
Q

42 hunter from US. complaining of
migratory transient swellings on his face and has one which crawls through eye ?
Rx?

A

Dirofilaria
Surgical
[occasionally DEC/Albendazole]

19
Q

Which Dirofilaria in lungs

A

dirofilaria immitis

(It ‘imitates’ TB symptoms)

20
Q

Capillariasis From? resevoir ? Key issue? rx?

A

Raw fish
Birds

Capillaria philippinensis

Profuse watery diarrhoea + eosinophilia
Massive malabsorbtion

Albendazole - at least 3 weeks

21
Q

Raw fish in Hx then profuse watery diarrhoea Egg

A

Capillaria philippinensis

22
Q

Where is most guinea worm now

A

Dogs - remain a reservoir especially in Chad

Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, South Sudan and Angola, with most cases in Chad and Ethiopia

23
Q

Trichinella spiralis where do larvae migrate to? clinical features? Name a complication? Dx? Rx?

A

Muscles - form cysts + inflammation
Then infects the next host that eats the dead host
[Usually pig]

Affects many animals eg horse, bear, hunted animals

Eosinophilia - usually very high
Can get myocarditis - the heart is a muscle dumb ass
Periorbital oedema

Serology for Dx
Albendazole

24
Q

Which zoonic helminth from muscle meat

A

Trichinella spiralis

25
Q

Cause of guinnae worm infection? geography

A

Dracunculus medinensis.

Ingesting contaminated water. Copepods in the water. Blisters on legs.
Now confined to africa and thought to become the second disease eradicated after small pox

26
Q

Guinae worm life cycle? Vector?

A

Limb exposed to freshwater containing their host - cyclops (copepod “water flea”)

Human consumes flea

Penetrate gut wall and develop in sub cut tissue
-Grow 50-100cm over 3 months and have millions of larvae

After approx 1 year secrete enzymes which allow worm to leave via the skin and release ‘white cloud of larvae’ when in water and re infect flea

27
Q

Guinae worm presentation? dx?

A

-Get burning pain from worm trying to emerge from skin -> makes people put affected area in water to cool
-May also get allergic Sx due to worm emerging and also forms a blister
-Common to get an abscess where this happens

Dx usually clinical - especially if see white cloud of larvae released from female worm in water

28
Q

Guinae worm (Dracunculiasis) rx?

A

Medical therapy usually doesn’t work
-surgical and delicate removal of the worm
[sometimes gently pulled out over several days]

29
Q

What causes the main disability in Dracunculiasis?

A

Ulceration / abscess formation / secondary infection

30
Q

Dracunculiasis control?

A

Safe drinking water protected from people bathing

Guinea worm host cyclops flea can be filtered out even by just straining drinking water through a cloth

[now eliminated from Asia - down from 50M infections to only 150 annually worldwide]

31
Q

5F travelled to SE Asia for 2 mo
3 wk after return, onset of fever, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and an urticarial rash.

A

Toxocara - visceral larva migrans

32
Q

Sparganosis life cycle and eg species

A

Spirometra mansoni

Tropical medicine - All clinical images copyright Gorgas course - : Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions