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Diagnostics > Zoonotic Diseases > Flashcards

Zoonotic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the lifecycle of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Adult tapeworm produces eggs within a proglottid, which are passed in the faeces of the dog.
Eggs are then ingested by an intermediate host (e.g. sheep or pig), travel to their tissues and develop a cyst.
Humans then eat the intermediate host

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2
Q

What are the signs of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Hyatid cysts develop
May not observe any signs for years

If cyst develops on liver - can cause abdo pain, nausea, vomiting
If cyst develops in lungs - can cause chronic cough, chest pain, shortness of breath

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3
Q

How is echinococcus granulosus treated?

A

Anthelmintics

Surgical removal or drainage of cyst

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4
Q

What causes Toxoplasmosis?

A

A parasitic protozoa called toxoplasma gondii

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5
Q

What is the definitive host of T gondii?

A

Cat

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6
Q

Describe the life cycle of T gondii

A

Infected cat sheds oocysts for 2-3 weeks - sporulated oocysts are aerosols in the environment. The intermediate hosts become infected (e.g. sheep, cows)
Human inhale the oocysts or ingest the infected intermediate host.

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7
Q

What are the signs of Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Incubation period of 1-2 weeks
Mild flu-like symptoms
In immuno-suppressed humans, tissue cysts can multiply rapidly - can cause neurological signs or respiratory and heart disease.

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8
Q

What can happen if T gondii infects a pregnant human?

A

Can cause abortion, congenital toxoplasmosis causing CNS and ocular disorders

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9
Q

What causes Leptospirosis?

And hosts

A 
Leptospira icterohaemorrhagia (host dogs and rats) and causes liver failure or Weil's disease)
Leptospira canicola (host dogs) causes kidney failure
Leptospira hardjo - host cows
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10
Q

What are the signs of Leptospirosis (incl incubation period)

A

Incubation 2-4 days
Mild form causes flu-like symptoms
Severe form causes liver or kidney failure. Can also cause spontaneous abortion if contracted during pregnancy

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11
Q

What agents cause Toxocariasis?

A

Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati (nematodes)

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12
Q

What are the signs of Toxocariasis?

A

Visceral, ocular or neural larval migrants

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13
Q

What causes Mange? Hosts

A

Mites

host dogs and cats

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14
Q

How is mange transmitted?

A

Passed through close contact

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15
Q

What are the signs of mange?

A 
Found commonly in areas with skin folds, feet, behind knees, under arms etc
Intense pruritis (itchy skin)
red blisters
inflammation
Mite burrowing tracks
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16
Q

What causes salmonellosis? Host?

A

Various salmonella species. Host dogs cats rabbits etc

17
Q

How is salmonellosis transmitted?

A

Excreted in faeces. Ingestion of milk eggs meat etc or contact with the contaminated environment

18
Q

What are the signs of salmonellosis? Including incubation period

A

Incubation 12-72 hours
Young, old and immunosuppressed at greater risk
Haemorrhagic diarrhoea, fever, headaches and muscle cramps
Recovery usually in one week

19
Q

What causes campylobacteriosis? Hosts?

A 
Campylobacter jejuni (pathogenic bacterium).
Host dogs cats cattle etc
20
Q

How is Campylobacter jejuni transmitted?

A

Excreted in faeces.

Ingestion, close contact with contaminated animal products or environment. Poultry are healthy carriers of the bacteria

21
Q

What are the signs of campylobacter?

A

Incubation 2-5 days
Vomiting and diarrhoea
Abdominal cramps

22
Q

What causes Psittacosis? Host

A

Chlamydophila psittaci (bacterium). Host birds

23
Q

What are the signs of psittacosis?

A

incubation 4-15 days
Flu like symptoms developing into sever pneumonia
Can be fatal without treatment

24
Q

What causes Leishmaniasis?

A

Intracellular protozoan parasite Leshmania

25
Q

What transmits Leishmaniasis?

A

Phlebotomine Sand Fly

26
Q

What are the life stages of the Phlebotomine sand fly?

A

Egg, larva, pupa, adult

27
Q

Describe the life cycle of Leishmaniasis?

A

Sandfly consumes a blood meal from an infected dog, protozoa develop a flagella and swim to the mouth of the fly. They are then transmitted in the saliva when the sand fly takes another blood meal.

28
Q

What are the signs of a dog with Leishmaniasis?

A 
Weight loss
Poor appetite
Ocular lesions
Epistaxis
lameness
anaemia
diarrhoea
wounds that don't heal
29
Q

How would you diagnose Leishmaniasis?

A

Blood test for PCR
Bone marrow samples
Skin biopsies

Diagnostics (11 decks)

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