Zoonoses Flashcards
1
Q
What are zoonoses?
A
- infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans
- caused by virus, parasite, bacteria, fungi
2
Q
What are some common zoonoses in the UK?
A
- salmonella
- campylobacter
- toxoplasma
- chlamydophilia psittaci
- coxiella burnetti
- ringworm/dermatophytosis
3
Q
What kind of infection is rabies?
A
- viral
- transmitted from bite of infected animal
- dogs (97%), bats
- incubation period- 2 weeks- several months
4
Q
How does rabies affect the body?
A
- travels to brain via peripheral nerves
- acute encephalitis
- malaise, headache, fever
- mania, lethary, coma
- overproduction saliva + tears
- unable to swallow + hydrophobia
- death by respiratory failure
5
Q
What is the treatment for rabies?
A
- post-exposure prophylaxis after bite
- human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG)
- infiltrated around the bite
- 4 doses of rabies vaccine over 14 days
6
Q
How are human infected by brucellosis?
A
- milking infected animals
- during parturition
- handling carcasses of infected animals
- consumption of unpasturised dairy products
7
Q
What is the incubation period and symptoms of brucellosis?
A
- 5-30 days
Acute:
- high undulant fever
- weakness, headaches
- drenching sweats
- splenomegaly
Subacute:
- fever
- joint pains
Chronic:
- flu-like symptoms, malaise
- depression
- chronic arthritis, endocarditis, epiidymo-orchitis, splenomegaly
Subclinical:
- most common
8
Q
What is the treatment for brucellosis?
A
- long acting doxycycline (2-3 months)
- rifampicin
- OR IM gentamycin
- cotrimoxazole (CNS)
9
Q
Describe leptospirosis?
A
- many resevoir hosts
- survive in environment weeks to months
- penetrate abraded skin or mucous membranes
- cause systemic illness
10
Q
What are the clinical features of leptospirosis?
A
- undifferented fever
- myalgia
- headaches
- abdominal pain
- Weil’s disease
- jaundice
- AKI
- bleeding
- pulmonary haemorrhage
11
Q
What is the management for leptospirosis?
A
- doxycycline (mild)
- IV penicillin (severe)
- prompt dialysis
- mechanical ventilation
* investigations suboptimal
12
Q
What are clinical features of Lyme disease?
A
- erythema migrans (EM)
- 80-90% of cases
- 3-90 days after bite
- arcodermatitis chronica atroficans (ACA)
- elderly
- extensor surface of distal extremities
- blue-red discolouration
- peripheral neuropathy common
- lymphocytoma
- blue painless nodule, earlobe/areola
- children > adults
13
Q
What is neuroborreliosis (NB)?
A
- developed ~15% with Lyme disease
- triad
- facial nerve palsy
- radicular pain
- lymphocytic meningitis
- 2-6 weeks after bite
14
Q
What are the investigations for Lyme disease?
A
- erythema migrans (EM) = clincal diagnosis
- high serology titres + ACA + lymphocytoma
- arthritis- very highserology titres from synovial fluid, PCR
15
Q
What is the treatment for Lyme disease?
A
- oral doxycyline
- amoxycilin
- IV ceftrixone
