Staphylococcus Aureus Flashcards
1
Q
Describe staphylococci on Gram stain?
A
- Gram- positive
- grape-like clusters
2
Q
What conditions increase the risk of colonisation?
A
- type 1 diabetes
- HIV
- require haemodialysis
- skin damage
3
Q
What are the common sites of colonisation?
A
- anterior nares (most common)
- broken skin
- vagina
- perineum
- axilla
- oropharynx
4
Q
How are S. aureus blood stream infections classified?
A
- environment of aquisition
- healthcare associated
- community aquired
- absence or presence of associated sites of infection
- primary
- secondary
5
Q
What are the features of S. aureus skin and soft tissue infections?
A
- furuncles
- carbuncles
- deep-seated abscess
- necrotising fasciitis
- pyomyositis
6
Q
What are some of the disease caused by S. aureus?
A
- osteomyelitis
- septic arthritis
- discitis
- infective endocarditis
- pneumonia
- empyema
7
Q
In hospital setting, what are common sources for S. aureus infection?
A
- wounds
- vascular line
- catheter
8
Q
What are frequent sights of S. aureus distant septic metastases?
A
- bones, joints (especially prosthetic)
- epidural space
- native/prosthetic cardiac valves
- cardiac devices
- visceral abscesses in spleen, kidney, lung
9
Q
What are investigations for S. aureus infection?
A
- microscopy + culture
- blood cultures
- biopsy
- XR, CT, MRI, radionuclide imaging
- transthoracic echocardiotography, TOE
10
Q
What is the management for S. aureus infection?
A
- antibiotics
- source infection + clear
- appropriate surgical intervention
11
Q
What are common antibiotics used to treat S. aureus infection?
A
- flucloxacillin
- teicoplanin
- linezolid
- daptomycin
