HIV

Question 1

What are the transmission route of HIV?

Answer 1

• sexual intercourse
• anal, vaginal
• vertical transmission
• mother to baby (pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding)
• sharing needles
• needlestick injury
• blood transfusion
• organ transplant

Question 2

What type of HIV is most common?

Answer 2

• HIV-1

Question 3

What is the pathological process of HIV?

Answer 3

• HIV attaches to CD4 cells on T-helper lymphocytes + cells with chemoreceptors; CCR5, CXCR4
• causes low levels of CD4 + T cells
• its a lentivirus (type of retrovirus)
• ‘slow’ infection with long incubation period
• RNA to DNA with reverse transcriptase
• AIDs when CD4 < 200

Question 4

What are the 4 clinical stages of HIV?

Answer 4

• stage I- asymptomatic, normal activity
• stage II- symptomatic, normal activity
• stage III- bedridden < 50% of day, during last month
• stage IV- bedridden > 50% of day, during last month

Question 5

What are symptoms of primary HIV?

Answer 5

• flu-like illness
• fever
• malaise
• lethargy
• pharyngitis
• lymphadenopathy
• toxic exanthema

Question 6

What are the tests for HIV?

Answer 6

• antibody
• antigen
• viral load
• CD4 count
• typing
• avidity
• tropism
• resistance tests
• drug levels

Question 7

What is the treatment for HIV?

Answer 7

• antivirals
• 3 in 1 combination pill
• antiretroviral therapy
• combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)