Zoonoses

Question 1

what is the source and infection site of B. anthracis

Answer 1

animal products (meat, skin). It can be ingested, infect the skin, or be inhalational

Question 2

Describe cutaneous anthrax

Answer 2

at site of entry, there is formation of a papule leading to an eschar (black and filled with necrotic material) and eventually to resolution

Question 3

Describe inhalation anthrax

Answer 3

respiratory failure, then sepsis, then death

Question 4

Describe GI Anthrax

Answer 4

upper infetion: ulceration and then edema

lower infection: necrosis, hemorrhage, and then death

Question 5

How does the anthrax toxin work?

Answer 5

It is a one B two A toxin. The B toxin will aggregate on the cell surface and leads to endocytosis. The addition of acid into the endosome will lead to release of the two A toxins. The first A toxin is an edema factor that will cause an increase in cAMP and lead to water efflux from the cell and edema. The 2nd factor is called lethal factor and will kill off Map Kinases and lead to cell death

Question 6

What is the nature (gram stain, appearance, etc) of anthrax

Answer 6

It is an large gram + rod that forms into spores

Question 7

What causes plague

Answer 7

yersinia pestis

Question 8

how does plague get spread to a person

Answer 8

The flea on rats (xenopsylla cheopsis) will bite a person and vomit the bacteria repeatedly

Question 9

Where does plague start and what are the possible fates of plague

Answer 9

It starts with a bite that will develop into a bubo. this will then spread to the lymph node and cause inflammation. This will also replicate in the lymph node. The three fates are bubonic plague, septicemic plague, pneumonic plague

Question 10

Describe bubonic plague presentation

Answer 10

Fever, massive lymph node (bubo), maybe a skin lesion

Question 11

Describe septicemic plague presentation

Answer 11

fever, sepsis without a bubo

Question 12

Describe pneumonic plague presentation

Answer 12

fulminant hemorrhagic pneumonia

Question 13

What causes tularemia and how does it infect

Answer 13

francisella tularensis. It comes from a tick or deerfly from a rabbit. This can happen via a bite

Question 14

What are the 3 types of tularemia presentation and how does it get places

Answer 14

it will start with local replication at the skin and drain to the lymph node. There is ulceroglandular tularemia, typhoidal tularemia, and pneumonic tularemia

Question 15

Describe ulceroglandular tularemia

Answer 15

There is a painful ulcer and lymphadenopathy

Question 16

Describe typhoidal tularemia

Answer 16

there is sepsis and hepatosplenomegaly

Question 17

Describe pneumonic tularemia

Answer 17

There is pneumonia… this is most often from inhalation fo the organism

Question 18

What is the morphology of bartonella

Answer 18

It is a slow-growing gram-negative bacilli

Question 19

How does bartonella undergo pathogenesis

Answer 19

It will form a granuloma after a cat scratch and there will be vascular endothelial proliferation. there will be angiogenesis in bacillary angiomatosis

Question 20

How does one dx bartonella

Answer 20

dx is by serology or PCR of tissue. The culture is not very good because it is so insensitive and slow-growing

Question 21

What are the 3 bartonella infections

Answer 21

B. hensalae, B. quintana, B. bacilliformis

Question 22

what is reservoir of bartonella

Answer 22

B. hensalae is cats… the others, NO IDEA

Question 23

What is the vector of bartonella

Answer 23

B. hensalae (no vector), B. quintana (body louse - pediculus humanus), b. bacilliformis (sandfly - lutzomyia verrucarum)

Question 24

What is the disease of B. hensalae

Answer 24

Cat-scratch disease leading to endocarditis and bacillary angiomatosis.

Question 25

What is the disease of B. quintana

Answer 25

trench fever. Bacillary angiomatosis. endocarditis

Question 26

What is the disease of B. bacilliformis

Answer 26

Carrion’s disease. This is acute oroya fever. This leads to chronic verruga peruana.