Zoonoses Flashcards
what are zoonoses?
infections that are contracted from animals
source of disease is from the animal
they don’t require humans to complete their life cycle
what are 4 examples of zoonoses?
rabies
brucellosis
leptospirosis
lyme disease
what organism causes rabbles?
viral
lyssavirus
what is the incubation period of rabies?
2 weeks to several months
long incubation period as toxin travels to the CNS
how is rabbles diagnosed?
PCR of saliva or CSF
what is the treatment for rabbles?
post exposure prophylaxis
human rabbles immunoglobulin
rabbles vaccine
what are the severe progression of rabbles infection?
acute encephalitis
- malaise, headache, fever
- progression to mania, lethargy and coma
- unable to swallow and hydrophobia
- death by respiratory failure
what organisms cause brucellosis?
Melitenesis
Suis
Abortus
how is brucellosis often contracted?
ingestion of unpasteurised milk, or close contact with their secretions or ingestion of undercooked meat from infected animals
what is the incubation period of brucellosis ?
5 to 30 days
what are the symptoms of acute brucellosis?
undulant fever that rises and falls weakness headaches drenching sweats splenomegaly
what are the symptoms of subacute brucellosis?
fever and joint pains
what are the symptoms of chronic brucellosis?
flu like symptoms malaise depression chornic arthritis endocarditis epididymo-orchiditis meningism splenomegaly
what is the treatment for brucellosis?
doxycycline for 2-3 months
+ Rifampicin or IM gentamicin for first few weeks
+ Cotrimoxazole for 2 weeks if CNS disease
what are the organisms that cause leptospirosis?
L. icterohaemorrhagica
L. hardio
how is leptospirosis diagnosed?
Microscopic agglutination test (MAT)
ELISA serology
PCR
Culture
what is the treatment for leptospirosis?
doxycycline (mild disease) IV penicillin (severe disease) dialysis mechanical ventilation
what tick is responsible for spreading lyme diseasE?
ixodes ricinus
what bacteria is responsible for lyme diseasE?
borrellia burgdorferi (spirochetes)
what are the different presentations of lyme disease?
erythema migrans acrodermatitis chronic atroficans lymphocytoma neuroborreliosis (NB) lyme borreliosis
how is lyme disease diagnosed?
EM clinical
ACA and lymphocytoma clinical and serology titres
arthritis - serology from synovial fluid & PCR
NB clinical & PCR & CSF serology
what is the presentation of leptospirosis ictohaemorrhagica?
flu-like symptoms
jaundice
renal failure
what is the presentation of leptospirosis hardjo?
fever
meningism
