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Infection > Travel related illness > Flashcards

Travel related illness Flashcards

1
Q

what puts travellers vulnerable to infection?

A

temptation to take risks from home
stress of travel
different epidemiological of some diseases
incomplete understanding of health hazards
refugees i.e. deprivation, malnutrition, disease, injury

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2
Q

give examples of climate or environment related health problems?

A 
sunburn
heat exhaustion and heat stroke 
fungal infections
bacterial skin infections
cold injury
altitude sickness
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3
Q

what is the vector for malaria?

A

female anopheles mosquito

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4
Q

what is parasite causes malaria?

A

plasmodium falciparum

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5
Q

how is malaria diagnosed?

A

thick and thin blood films
rapid antigen tests
quantitive buffy coat

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6
Q

what is the presentation of malaria?

A 
non speific
fever
rigors
aching bones
abdominal apin 
dysuria , frequency
headache
sore throat 
cough
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7
Q

what are the severe consequences of malaria?

A 
cerebral encephalopathy 
black water fever
jaundice
pulmonary oedema
severe anaemia
algid malaria (gram negative septicaemia)
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8
Q

what parasitic count is indicative of severe malaria?

A

parasitic count > 2%

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9
Q

what is the treatment for severe malaria?

A

IV artesunate

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10
Q

what is the treatment for non-severe malaria?

A

Riamet

if not available then quinine + doxycycline or clindamycin

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11
Q

what organism(s) is responsible for typhoid fever?

A

salmonella typhi

salmonella paratyphi

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12
Q

how is typhoid fever contracted?

A

poor sanitation

unclean drinking water

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13
Q

how is typhoid fever diagnosed?

A

culture blood, urine and stool

culture bone marrow

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14
Q

what is the treatment for complicated and uncomplicated typhoid fever?

A 
oral azithromycin (uncomplicated)
IV ceftriaxone (complicated)
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15
Q

how is dengue fever transmitted?

A

airborne

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16
Q

what is responsible for the transmission of dengue fever?

A

aedes aegypti mosquito

17
Q

what is the presentation of dengue fever?

A 
abrupt onset fever
headache, retro-orbital pain
myalgia/arthralgia
maculopapular rash
haemorrhage signs i.e. purport, petechiae, positive tourniquet test
18
Q

how is schistosomiasis transmitted?

A

fresh water;

fresh water snails and are released into the water as cercariae which then penetrate into humans who enter the water

19
Q

what is the presentation of schistosomiasis?

A

swimmers itch in first few hours
inasvive stage: cough, abdo disomfort, splenomegaly, eosinophilia
katayama fever: prostrate, fever, urticaria, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, diarrhoea
acute disease: eggs deposited in bowel = dysentry or bladder = haematuria
chronic disease

20
Q

how is schistosomiasis diagnosed?

A

clinical
antibody tests
ova in stool and urine
rectal snip

21
Q

what is responsible for the transmission of rickettsiosis?

A

tick typhus

22
Q

what is the presentation of ricketsiossis?

A 
swinging fever
headache
confusion
endovasculitis
rash
bleeding
23
Q

what is the treatment for ricketssiosis?

A

tetracycline

24
Q

what is tick typhus responsible for transmitting?

A

ricketssiosis

25
Q

what is the incubation period of viral haemorrhage fevers?

A

3 weeks

26
Q

what is responsible for zika?

A

flava virus

27
Q

what is parasite is responsible for the transmission of the zika virus?

A

aedes mosquito

28
Q

how is zika virus transmitted?

A

aedes mosquito bites
sexual contact
blood transfusion

29
Q

what is the presentation of zika virus?

A 
headache
joint pains
conjunctivitis 
fever
rash
30
Q

what tropical infections cause a rash?

A

dengue
ricketssiosis
typhoid
zika virus

31
Q

what tropical infections can cause jaundice?

A

malaria

yellow fever

32
Q

in what tropical infection do you find rose spots? and what causes this infection?

A

typhoid fever

bacterial infection - salmonella typhi or paratyphi

33
Q

what tropical infection does tetracycline treat?

A

rickettsiosis

34
Q

what is the treatment for schistosomiasis?

A

praziquantel

35
Q

how is dengue fever diagnosed?

A 
PCR
serology
clinical;
- thrombocytopenia 
- leukopenia 
- increase in transaminases

Infection (13 decks)

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