Skin and soft tissue infections Flashcards
what are risk factors for cellulitis?
immunosuppression diabetes mellitus febrile neutropenics tinea pedis lymphoedema
what are risk factors for erysipelas?
tends to occur in areas of pre existing;
- lymphadenopathy
- venous stasis
- obesity
- paraparesis
- diabetes
what are the different hair infections?
folliculitis
furunculosis (boil)
carbuncle
what is the difference in type I and II necrotising fasciitis?
type 2 caused by mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection
type 1 caused by strep pyogenes
what organism is responsible for polymyositis?
staph aureus
what is the presentation of pyomyositis?
fever
pain
woody induration of muscle
what is septic bursitis?
infection oft the synovial fluid of joints
infection is often from adjacent skin
what is the name for infection of the synovial sheaths that surround tendons?
infectious tenosynovitis
what is the main cause of infectious tenosynovitis?
penetrating trauma
what is responsible for toxic mediated syndromes?
super antigens which are groups of pyrogenic exotoxins
what presents with recurrent boils?
panton-valentine leucocidin toxin (VPL)
what type of toxin is VPL and what organism does it come from?
gamma haemolysin
staph aureus
what is the treatment for VPL?
gentamycin
what does VPL present with?
recurrent boils and/or haemorrhage pneumonia
what is the treatment for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?
IV antibiotics i.e. flucloxacillin & IV fluids
what is toxic shock syndrome?
when a bacteria releases its toxin and causes rapid onset of systemic symptoms which quickly progress and can be fatal
what are the 2 different aetiologies of toxic shock syndrome?
staph aureus - associated with high absorbency tampons or small infections
strep - associated with deep seated strep infection i.e. necrotising fasciitis or erysipelas
what increases your risk of IV cannula associated infection?
continuous infusion > 24 hours
cannula inset > 72 hours
cannula in lower limb
patients with neurological/neurosurgical problems
after how many hours should you remove a cannula to minimise risk of cannula associated infection?
72 hours
what infections require urgent attention?
necrotising fasciitis PVL toxic shock syndrome cannula-associated infections pyomyositis
what organism(s) is responsible for type II necrotising fasciitis?
strep pyogenes
what organism(s) is responsible for erysipelas?
strep pyogenes
what organism(s) is responsible for cellulitis?
staph aureus
strep progenies
what organisms are flucloxacillin active against?
streptococcal infections
what are the systemic symptoms of necrotising fasciitis?
fever hypotension tachycardia delerium multi organ failure
what is the management of necrotising fasciitis?
sepsis 6
surgical fasciotomy
If type II then give antibiotics
what are the predisposing factors for pyomyositis?
diabetes HIV/immunosuppression IV drug abuse rheumatological diseases malignancy liver disease
what is pyomyositis?
purulent infection deep within skeletal muscle forming abscesses
