Zoonoses

Question 1

What is zoonoses?

Answer 1

An infection that is transmitted from an animal to a human with the causative organism completing its lifecycle within the animal.

Question 2

What is the opposite of zoonoses?

Answer 2

Anthroponosis-organisms that complete their lifecycle in humans infect animals
Influenza or strep throat

Question 3

What is rabies?

Answer 3

A viral infection caused by lyssavirus. Get it by being bitten by an infected animal (usually a dog or bat).

Question 4

What is the incubation period of rabies?

Answer 4

2 weeks to several months

Question 5

What are the symptoms of rabies?

Answer 5

Rabies virus travels from the peripheral nerves to the central nervous system and causes an acute encephalitis.
Starts off as general malaise, fever and headache. Then progresses to mania, lethargy and coma. Get an overproduction of tears and saliva.
Unable to swallow
Hydrophobia-specific sign if bring a cup of water up to patients they have a laryngeal spasm
Aerophobia-air blown on the face produces a laryngeal spasm

Question 6

What should be given after someone is bitten by an animal to prevent rabies?

Answer 6

Human rabies immunoglobulin

Rabies vaccine if not already vaccinated (all four parts)

Question 7

What is the organism responsible for brucellosis?

Answer 7

Brucella-gram negative coccobacilli

Question 8

How can humans contract the brucellosis?

Answer 8

Unpasteurised dairy products
Milking infected animals
During parturition
Dead animal handling

Question 9

What is the incubation period of brucellosis?

Answer 9

5 days to 6 months

Question 10

What are some symptoms of brucellosis?

Answer 10

Hugh undulant fever
Splenomegaly
Headaches
Arthritis
Endocarditis

Question 11

What is the treatment for brucellosis?

Answer 11

Long acting Doxycycline for 2-3 months + Rifampicin, or + intramuscular gentamycin for first week(s)
Add Cotrimoxazole for 2 weeks in CNS disease

Question 12

What are two types of leptospirosis and how do they present?

Answer 12

Was common in NE Scotland fish workers
Due to L. icterohaemorrhagica
Can get it if bitten by rats
Flu like symptoms then jaundice and renal failure

L. hardjo (cattle) is commonest form
Fever, meningism but no jaundice

Question 13

What is the reservoir of leptospirosis?

Answer 13

Water

Question 14

What is the incubation period of leptospirosis?

Answer 14

2-30 days

Question 15

What are some symptoms of leptospirosis?

Answer 15

Undifferenced fever; myalgia, headaches & abdominal pain
Severe disease in 5-15%
Weil’s disease (Triad of jaundice, AKI, bleeding)
Pulmonary haemorrhage

Question 16

What is the treatment for leptospirosis?

Answer 16

Doxycycline for mild disease, IV penicillin for severe
Prompt dialysis
Mechanical ventilation

Question 17

What is the causative organism for lyme disease?

Answer 17

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 18

What skin presentation is found in lyme disease?

Answer 18

Erythema Migrans- bullseye rash
ACRODERMATITIS CHRONICA ATROFICANS - blue and red discolouration
Lymphocytoma

Question 19

What is neuroborreliosis?

Answer 19

Triad of facial nerve palsy, radicular pain & lymphocytic meningitis

Question 20

What is the treatment for lyme disease?

Answer 20

Oral Doxycycline or Amoxicillin, or IV Ceftriaxone

Most manifestations treat for 21 days (28 in arthritis or ACA)