Immunisation Flashcards
What are the four types of immunity?
Natural has passive (maternal) and active (infection)
Artificial has passive (IgG transfer) and active (immunisation)
What are four types of immunisation?
Live attenuated
Inactivated (killed)
Detoxified exotoxin
Subunit of micro-organism
What are some live attenuated immunisation examples?
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) BCG Varicella-zoster virus Yellow fever Smallpox Typhoid (oral) Polio (oral) Rotavirus (oral)
What are some examples of inactivated viruses?
Polio (in combined vaccine D/T/P/Hib) Hepatitis A Cholera (oral) Rabies Japanese encephalitis Tick-borne encephalitis Influenza
What are two detoxified toxin immunisations?
Diphtheria
Tetanus
What are some examples of subunit vaccines?
Pertussis (acellular) Haemophilus influenzae type b Meningococcus (group C) Diphtheria protein Pneumococcus Typhoid Anthrax Hepatitis B
What does the 6 in one vaccine contain?
D=purified diphtheria toxoid T=purified tetanus toxoid aP=purified Bordetella pertussis IPV= inactivated polio virus Hib= purified component of Haemophilus influenzae b HBV=hepatitis B rDNA
What is the UK child immunisation schedule?
2 months: 6-in-1 vaccine + pneumococcal conjugate + rotavirus + Men B
3 months: 6-in-1 vaccine + rotavirus
4 months: 6-in-1 vaccine + pneumococcal conjugate + Men B
1 year: Hib/Men C+ MMR + pneumococcal conjugate + men B
2 -8 years: influenza nasal
3 - 5 years: 4-in-1 booster (DTaP/IPV) + MMR
Girls, 12-13 yrs: Human papilloma virus
14 years: 3-in-1 booster (dT/IPV) + Men ACWY
What is the vaccine range for herd immunity?
90-95%
Who needs the BCG vaccine?
Children screened at school for TB risk factors, tested and vaccinated if appropriate
New immigrants (previously unvaccinated) from high prevalence countries for TB
Contacts (<35yrs) of resp TB patients
Healthcare workers
What are indications for getting the influenza vaccine?
Age >65 years Nursing home residents Some health care workers Immunodeficiency, Immunosuppression Asplenia/hyposplenism Chronic liver disease Chronic renal disease Chronic cardiac disease Chronic lung disease Diabetes mellitus Coeliac disease Pregnant women Heath care workers
What are conditions that can be given immunoglobulins for immunity post exposure?
hepatitis B Ig rabies Ig tetanus anti-toxin Ig varicella (chickenpox) Ig diphtheria anti-toxin Ig (horse) botulinum anti-toxin Ig
What are some common immunisations for travellers?
Tetanus Polio Typhoid Hepatitis A Yellow fever Cholera
