HIV Flashcards
How is HIV spread?
Anal or vaginal sex Vertical Transmission Childbirth and breastfeeding Injection drug misuse Blood products Organ Transplant
When can you do an HIV test for a patient without their consent?
In an unconscious patient when it is in their best interest.
Describe the immunology of HIV
HIV virus is a retrovirus which means it turns RNA into DNA through reverse transcriptase. It attaches to CD4 on T helper cells (lymphocytes) and destroys it. It needs co factors such as CCRS in order to do this. The viral load of HIV increases and the CD4 count decreases.
At what level of CD4 do AIDs diseases occur?
Less than 200
What occurs in HIV clinical type 1?
Asymptomatic
Generalised lymphadenopathy
What occurs in HIV clinical type 2?
Recurrent URT infections
Weight loss
Mucocutaneous manifestations
Herpes Zoster Virus is last 5 years
What occurs in HIV clinical type 3?
Weight loss of more than ten percent their body mass Unexplained chronic diarrhoea Unexplained prolonged fever Severe bacterial infections Oral candidiasis Pulmonary TB Oral Hairy Leucoplakia
What occurs in HIV clinical type 4?
HIV wasting syndrome Pneumocystis jirovecii Toxoplasmosis of the brain Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis Cytomegalovirus disease Chronic HSV Disseminated candidiasis HIV encephalopathy Kaposi's sarcoma Pulmonary TB
What is the difference between AIDs and HIV?
AIDs is the diseases that someone with HIV will eventually progress to without treatment
What is seroconversion?
Seroconversion is when someone first acquires HIV and the body starts to make antibodies against it. The patient gets a seroconversion illness that is flu like and lasts a couple of weeks
What are the symptoms of a seroconversion illness?
Flu-like illness Fever Malaise and lethargy Pharyngitis Lymphadenopathy Toxic exanthema
What is Combination Antiretroviral Therapy?
A combination of three drugs from two different classes used to treat HIV
What are three types of antiviral drugs for HIV?
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors- stops virus maturation and release from cells
What are some side effects of antiretroviral therapy?
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors-lipodystrophy and renal impairment, marrow toxicity, hypersensitivity and neuropathy
Integrase inhibitors- rashes
Protease inhibitors- hyperlipidaemia, drug interactions, diarrhoea and lipodystrophy
How is pneumocystis jirovicci diagnosed and how is it treated?
Opportunistic fungal infection
Diagnose using PCR from induced sputum
Dry cough and SOB
Peri hilar shadowing on X ray
