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Year 3 Infection (JK) > Zoonoses > Flashcards

Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

Zoonoses

A

Infections that can pass between living animals and humans

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2
Q

Who is the source of infection in zoonoses?

A

animal

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3
Q

Who definition of zoonoses

A

Infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrae animals and humans

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4
Q

Is malria a zoonosis? why?

A

no

depend on the human host for part of their life cycle

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5
Q

Describe anthroponosis and examples

A

reverse zoonoses when humans infect animals

influenza and strep throat

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6
Q

4 causative pathogens of zoonoses

A

bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites

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7
Q

2 strategies pathogens develop to ensure their survival/propagation

A

cause chronic infection to survive

non-human reservoir eg monkey

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8
Q

List some common zoonoses in the UK

A 
campylobacter 
toxoplasma 
salmonella
Q fever 
ringworm
psittacosis
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9
Q

Define emerging zoonosis

A

A zoonosis that is newly recognised or evolved that has occurred previously but shows an increase in incidence or expansion of host, vector or geographical area

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10
Q

Name some emerging zoonoses

A

monkey pox
avian influenza
rabies
brucellosis

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11
Q

Causative organism of rabies and describe it briefly

A

lyssavirus - viral infection

transmitted from bite of infected animal and mainly is dogs and bats

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12
Q

Incubation period of rabies and how does it travel to the brain?

A

2 weeks to several months

peripheral nerves

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13
Q

Acute encephalitis features of rabies

A 
malaise, headache and fever 
mania, lethargy, coma
overproduction of saliva and tears 
unable to swallow and hydrophobia 
death by resp failure
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14
Q

Diagnosis of rabies

A

difficult
PCR of saliva or CSF
often by most mortem or brain biopsy

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15
Q

Is rabies always fatal if untreated?

A

yes

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16
Q

Explain the post exposure prophylaxis procedure after a bute

A

human rabies immunoglobulin - HRIG
infiltrated around the bite if possible
+ 4 doses of rabies vaccine over 14 days

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17
Q

How is brucellosis passed on?

A

organisms excreted in milk, placenta and aborted foetus

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18
Q

4 ways humans can be infected with brucellosis

A

during birth
consume infected unpasteurised products
milking infected animals
handling carcasses of infected animals

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19
Q

Why must you warn the lab in brucellosis?

A

risk of spread

20
Q

Describe the brucella bacteria

A

small, gram negative, coccobacilli

21
Q

Incubation period of brucellosis

A

5-30 days but can be up to 6 months

22
Q

Treatment of brucellosis

A

long acting doxycycline for 2-3 months and rifampicin or Im gentamicin for the 1st week
add cotrimoxazole for 2 weeks in CNS disease

23
Q

Acute presentation of brucellosis

A

fever, headache, sweats and splenomegaly

24
Q

Subacute presentation of brucellosis

A

fever and joint pains - knee, hip, back (SI)

25
Q

Chronic presentation of brucellosis

A

flu like chronic arthritis and endocarditis

26
Q

subclinical presentation of brucellosis

A

50% exposed have positive serology

27
Q

Who was leptospirosis common in?

A

NE Scotland fish workers and miners - rat bites and urine

28
Q

Causative organism of leptospirosis

A

L. icterohaemorrhagica and L.hardjo

29
Q

Symptoms of leptospirosis

A

flu-like then jaundice and renal failure

30
Q

How does leptospirosis get into the human?

A

penetrate abraded skin or mucous membranes

31
Q

Why is leptospirosis one of the most widespread zoonoses?

A

survive in environment for weeks to months

32
Q

Explain the changing epidemiology of zoonoses

A

traditionally an occupational disease

no seen in Thailand and climate change/disasters

33
Q

Severe leptospirosis can lead to…

A

weil’s disease
pulmonary haemorrhage
death

34
Q

weil’s disease

A

traid of jaundice, AKI and bleeding

35
Q

Diagnosing leptospirosis

A

think of it - fever in cattle farmer or those in contact with water and rats
microscopic agglutination test - paired sera
ELISA serology, PCR, culture?

36
Q

Treatment of leptospirosis

A

doxycycline - mild
iv penicillin - severe
prompt dialysis and mechanical ventilation

37
Q

How is lymes disease transmitted and the name of this

A

tick

ixodes ricinus

38
Q

What time of year is lyme most common? Why?

A

summer - ticks like humidity and active >4 degrees

39
Q

Erythema migrans

A

80-90% cases and is a clinical diagnosis with multiple or single lesions

40
Q

ACA (lyme)

A

elderly, European, extensor surfaces of distal extremities

bluish red discolouration and peripheral neuropathy

41
Q

Lymphocytoma

A

bluish solitary painless nodule on earlobe or aerola

children

42
Q

Neuroborreliosis triad

A

facial palsy
radicular pain
lymphocytic meningitis

43
Q

USA lyme differences

A

cardiac disorders more common

arthritis more common - knee

44
Q

Diagnosing lyme

A

paired blood and CSF serology
EM
PCR synovial fluid
ACA and lymphocytoma and high serology titres

45
Q

Treating lyme

A

oral doxycycline/amoxicillin
iv ceftriaxone
21 days or 28 days in arthritis/ACA

Year 3 Infection (JK) (12 decks)

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