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Year 3 Infection (JK) > Immunisation and prophylaxis > Flashcards

Immunisation and prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of adaptive immunity

A

natural and artificial

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2
Q

2 types of natural adaptive immunity

A

passive - maternal

active - infection

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3
Q

2 types of artificial adaptive immunity

A

passive - ab transfer

active - immunisation

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4
Q

Briefly describe the significance of Edward Jenner

A

pioneer of smallpox vaccine in 1798

those with cowpox never got smallpox so injected pus from cowpox pustule into boy

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5
Q

4 types of vaccine

A

live attenuated
inactivated - killed
detoxified exotoxin
subunit of microorganism eg recombinant

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6
Q

5 live attenuated vaccines

A 
MMR 
BCG 
VZV 
smallpox 
yellow fever
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7
Q

who may live attenuated vaccines cause infection in?

A

immunocompromised

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8
Q

How do live attenuated vaccines work?

A

live and replicating and stimulate the immune system

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9
Q

5 inactivated vaccines

A 
polio 
hep A 
cholera 
rabies 
influenza
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10
Q

What is used to change the toxin to a toxoid?

A

formalin

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11
Q

2 examples of detoxified exotoxin vaccines

A

diphtheria and tetanus

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12
Q

list some subunit vaccines

A

H influenza B
pneumococcus
hep B
typhoid

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13
Q

Briefly explain the process of creating a recombinant vaccine eg hep B

A

DNA segment coding HBsAG which is removed, purified and mixed with plasmids - insert into yeast
fermented and HBsAG produced

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14
Q

Briefly explain immunological memory

A

primary response is slow and small and IgM raises and then IgG
secondary response is a faster and larger response

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15
Q

Difference in killed and live vaccine response

A

killed need 2 or 3 doses to build up the response

live vaccine replicated and stimulates host immune system

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16
Q

name the 6 in 1 vaccine

A 
purified diphtheria toxoid 
purified tetanus toxoid 
purified bordetella pertussis 
inactivated polio virus 
purified component of H influenza B 
hep B rDNA
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17
Q

Some immunisations used for special patient and occupational groups

A

pneumococcal, BCG, influenza, hep B, HZV and VZV

18
Q

Special groups given BCG

A

TB risk is high

19
Q

Indications for influenza vaccine

A 
pregnancy 
coeliac
chronic kidney, liver, cardiac, lung disease 
DM 
healthcare workers 
immunosuppression 
over 65
20
Q

2 types of pneumococcal vaccine

A

conjugate and non conjugated

21
Q

conjugated pneumococcal vaccine info

A

13 serotypes given in 3 doses

childhood immunisation schedule

22
Q

Non conjugated pneumococcal vaccine info

A

23 serotypes given in a single dose

increased risk of pneumococcal infection

23
Q

conjugate

A

bound with something else to make it more immunogenic

24
Q

Who is Hep B vaccine given to?

A

children - 6 in 1 - 0,1,2 months and 1 year

healthcare workers, IVDU, MSM, high risk children

25
Q

Who is given the VZV vaccine?

A

suppressed immune systems
sero negative healthcare workers
children in contact

26
Q

treatment scheme of VZV vaccine

A

live attenuated vaccine given 2 doses 4 weeks apart

27
Q

Who is given the HZV vaccine?

A

elderly (70-80)

28
Q

When is human normal Ig given?

A

ab for hep A, rubella, measles

Ig deficiencies, autoimmune disorders eg myaesthenia gravis

29
Q

Disease specific Ig examples

A

hep B, rabies, tetanus, varicella, diphtheria, botulinum

30
Q

Risk assessment of travellers

A 
area of travel, duration, remote areas 
previous immunisations and prophylaxis 
health of traveller 
accommodation and activities 
recent outbreaks
31
Q

General measures for travellers

A 
care with food and drink 
handwashing 
sunburn and sunstroke 
altitude eg Peru 
road traffic accidents 
safer sex
mosquitos
32
Q

Common immunisations for travellers

A 
tetanus 
polio 
hep A 
typhoid 
cholera 
yellow fever
33
Q

Special circumstances immunisations for travellers

A 
rabies 
diphtheria 
Japanese B encephalitis 
tick borne encephalitis 
meningococcus ACWY
34
Q

4 examples of antimicrobial prophylaxis

A

chemoprophylaxis against malaria
PEP eg ciprofloxacin for meningococcal
HIV PEP
surgical antibiotic

35
Q

ABCD of malaria

A

awareness of risk
bite prevention
chemoprophylaxis
diagnosis and treatment

36
Q

bite prevention measures

A

permethrin impregnated mosquito nets
cover up dusk and dawn
mosquito coils
insect repellent sprays and lotions (DEET)

37
Q

Chemoprophylaxis regime for malaria

A

malarone (proquanil and atovaraquone)
doxycycline
mefloquine
chloroquine

38
Q

Doxycycline CI

A

photosensitivity and not in children under 12

39
Q

Mefloquine CI

A

psychosis and nightmares

not in those with epilepsy or psychosis

40
Q

Advice to travellers on return re. malaria

A

illness within 1 year back and especially first 3 months can be malaria

Year 3 Infection (JK) (12 decks)

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