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Year 3 Infection (JK) > HIV and AIDS > Flashcards

HIV and AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

5 ways HIV can be spread

A 
sexual transmission 
vertical transmission 
infection drug misuse 
blood products 
organ transplant
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2
Q

Can unconscious patients be tested for HIV?

A

if you think it is in their best interests

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3
Q

What cells of the immune system does HIV particularly infect and destroy?

A

T helper cells with CD4 surface receptors (CD4+)

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4
Q

Apart from lymphocytes where else are CD4 receptors found in the body?

A

brain
skin
surface of macrophages and monocytes

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5
Q

What happens to the CD4 count and viral load over the course of the infection?

A

CD4 count decreases and viral load increases

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6
Q

Relationship between severity of disease and CD4 count

A

severity of illness is greater the lower the CD4 count

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7
Q

normal CD4 count

A

> 500

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8
Q

Most AIDS diagnoses CD4 count

A

<200

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9
Q

What was the original classification of HIV and why?

A

clinical

estimate incidence in developing world where GIV testing less readily available

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10
Q

Clinical stage 1 findings

A

asymptomatic

persistent general lymphadenopathy

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11
Q

Clinical stage 2 findings

A

weight loss
minor mucocutaneous
HZV - shingles
URTI recurrent

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12
Q

Clinical stage 3 findings

A 
weight loss 
chronic diarrhoea 
fever 
thrush 
TB
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13
Q

Clinical stage 4 findings

A

pneumonia
CMV
mucocutaneous
encephalopathy

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14
Q

Define AIDS illnesses

A

certain infections and tumours that develop due to weakness in the immune system

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15
Q

No symptoms usually means HIV or AIDS?

A

HIV only

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16
Q

List some clinical indicator diseases for HIV

A

TB, pneumonia, cryptococcal meningitis, HZV, non Hodgkin lymphoma, cervical cancer, psoriasis

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17
Q

What is the 1 year mortality based on?

A

CD4 count

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18
Q

Describe the primary HIV and seroconversion illness

A

30-60% g=have illness when HIV antibodies first develop

abrupt onset 2-4 weeks post exposure and self limiting 1-2 weeks

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19
Q

Symptoms of seroconversion illness

A 
flu like illness 
fever 
lymphadenopathy 
pharyngitis 
malaise and lethargy
20
Q

Seroconversion illness and glandular fever link

A

look the same but EBV serology not in keeping with glandular fever

21
Q

What type of virus is HIV?

A

retrovirus

22
Q

Combination ART

A

atleast 3 drugs from atleast 2 groups

23
Q

Basis of ART

A

different classes of drugs acting on different parts of the HIV lifecycle

24
Q

Where do ART treatments act?

A

reverse transcriptase inhibitor
integrase inhibitor
protease inhibitor

25
Q

When should a pregnant woman with HIV start ART?

A

Before 3rd trimester

26
Q

3 reasons why treatment fails

A

poor adherence - viral mutation and resistance
pre existing resistance
inadequate potency or drug levels

27
Q

Side effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

marrow toxicity
neuropathy
LIPODYSTROPHY

28
Q

Side effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

skin rashes
hypersensitivity
drug interactions

29
Q

Side effects of protease inhibitors

A

drug interactions
diarrhoea
LIPODYSTROPHY
hyerlipidaemia

30
Q

Side effects of integrase inhibitors

A

rashes

31
Q

What Is lipodystrophy?

A

lose fat in certain places and redistribute it
change drugs as less likely with newer agents
cosmetic procedures - facelift and filers etc

32
Q

7 challenges of HIV care in 2018

A 
osteoporosis 
malignancy 
IHD 
DM
cerebrovascular disease 
cognitive impairment 
renal disease
33
Q

5 ways to prevent HIV

A 
behaviour change and condoms 
circumcision 
PrEP 
PEPSE
treatment as prevention for pregnancy
34
Q

The future for HIV care

A

therapeutic vaccines
cure - kick kill method
long acting injectable drug treatments

35
Q

Spread of HIV in Africa

A

heterosexual
mother to child
contaminated blood products

36
Q

Strain of HIV causing worldwide epidemic

A

HIV1 group M

37
Q

How do we diagnose HIV?

A

antigen antibody test

38
Q

What is the window period?

A

time during which markers of infection are not detectable - can vary

39
Q

When do you have to tell your work about HIV diagnoses?

A

do they require a test for your work? - no then they do not need to know
yes - visa or exposure prone procedures

40
Q

Risk of transmission with percutaneous exposure of Hep B,C and HIV

A

Hep b - 30%
Hep C - 3%
HIV - 0.3%

41
Q

risk of HIV transmission by mucocutaneous exposure?

A

<0.1%

42
Q

List some fluids which should be handled with same precaution as blood

A

synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva, breast milk, CSF

43
Q

Actions taken after blood or body fluid exposure

A

wash skin with running water and soap
encourage bleeding
wash off splashes
report to doctor and OHS

44
Q

How is the risk of transmission assessed?

A

vaccinations, source of contamination, likelihood of B/C/HIV, extent of injury, ideally test source with informed consent

45
Q

Does Hep B or C not have a vaccine?

A

C

46
Q

Ways to avoid exposure

A 
hygiene 
safe disposal 
cleaning up blood 
protect mucous membranes 
cover wounds

Year 3 Infection (JK) (12 decks)

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