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DTMH > Zoonoses > Flashcards

Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

Why is brucellosis an important medical condition?

A

Highly contagious
One of the most common zoonoses worldwide

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2
Q

What type of organism is brucella?

A

Intracellular
Gram negative

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3
Q

What are the 4 brucella spp associated with human disease?

A

B. melitensis
B. abortus
B. suis
B. canis

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4
Q

B. melitensis is associated with which animals?

A

Sheep
Goats

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5
Q

B. abortus is associated with which animals?

A

Bovine

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6
Q

B. suis is associated with which animals?

A

Pigs

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7
Q

B. canis is associated with which animals?

A

Dogs

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8
Q

Which brucella spp is most virulent, most severe and most acute?

A

B. melitensis

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9
Q

Does B. abortus cause complications?

A

Rarely

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10
Q

Most common cause of brucella in SA?

A

B. abortus

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11
Q

Which brucella causes prolonged illness with suppurative destructive lesions?

A

B. suis

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12
Q

Which 2 brucella species are very similar in clinical presentation?

A

Abortus
Canis

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13
Q

Transmission of brucella?

A

Unpasteurized dairy
Undercooked meat
Contact with animal fluids/tissue
Inhalation
Human-to-human rare (breastfeeding, sexual, transplant, transfusion)

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14
Q

What is the pathogenesis of brucellosis?

A

Endocytosed by macrophages -> replicate -> move into circulation -> deposited in multiple organs

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15
Q

Clinical presentation of brucellosis?

A

Undulant fever
Ocular
CNS
CVS
Pulmonary
Cutaneous
Genitourinary
Gastrointestinal
Skeletal

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16
Q

What conditions must suspected brucella specimens be processed with?

A

BSL2 conditions with BSL3 practices

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17
Q

Insidious brucella?

A

Abortus

18
Q

Acute brucella?

A

Melitensis

19
Q

What is the colony morphology of brucella?

A

Non-hemolytic
Non-pigmented
Slow growing, enhanced by CO2

20
Q

When are isolation rates of brucella highest?

A

First 2 weeks of symptomatic disease

21
Q

Can you culture brucella?

A

Yes! But takes longer
Lots of specimens allowed

22
Q

What is mainstay of brucella diagnosis?

A

Serology, paired specimens
Rose Bengal test, Coombs, ELISA, direct agglutination

23
Q

Can brucella serology have issues?

A

Yes, cross reaction with other gram negatives

24
Q

Discuss treatment of brucellosis

A

6w doxy + rif + 2w genta
6w doxy + 2w strepto

25
Q

Which treatment forms for brucellosis are not recommended?

A

Monotherapy
<30d treatment
Quinolones

26
Q

Which leptospira serovar is associated with rats?

A

Icterhaemorrhagic

27
Q

Which leptospira serovar is associated with dogs?

A

Canicola

28
Q

Which leptospira serovar is associated with pigs?

A

Pomona

29
Q

Which leptospira serovar is associated with cattle?

A

Hardjo

30
Q

Where do chronic leptospira infection usually occur?

A

Brain
Eyes
Genital tract

31
Q

How is leptospirosis transmitted to humans?

A

Direct contact with animal urine/tissues via skin lesions and mucous membranes

32
Q

What is Weil’s disease?

A

Hepatorenal failure in leptospirosis infectoin

33
Q

Which pathogenic leptospira serovars are important?

A

L. interrogans
L. borgpetersenii

34
Q

Which saprophytic leptospira serovars are important?

A

L. biflexa

35
Q

What kind of flagellum do leptospirae have?

A

Endoflagellum

36
Q

What is the difference between rickettsia and coxiella?

A

Coxiella
- y proteobacteria
- legionellacaea order
Rickettsia
- alpha proteobacteria
- rickettsiales order

37
Q

Why is it called ‘Q’ fever?

A

Named after “query fever”

38
Q

How is Q fever transmitted?

A

Inhalation
Tissue handling
? tick bites
? milk
? human-to-human

39
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Q fever?

A

60% are asymptomatic
Post-infection fatigue

40
Q

Which Q fever antibody raises first?

A

Phase 2 antibody

40
Q

Discuss treatment of Q fever

A

Doxycyline 7-10d
Chronic = combination
Phagolysosome alkalisation adjuvant

41
Q

Is there a Q fever vaccine?

A

Yes, whole-cell vaccine for abattoir workers in Australia

DTMH (7 decks)

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