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DTMH > Viral hemorrhagic fever > Flashcards

Viral hemorrhagic fever Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 types of viral hemorrhagic fever

A

Rodent-associated
Bat-associated
Arthropod-borne

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2
Q

Which viral hemorrhagic fevers are transmitted by mosquitoes?

A

Yellow fever
Rift valley fever

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3
Q

Which viral hemorrhagic fevers are transmitted by ticks?

A

Crimean congo fever

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4
Q

Which viral hemorrhagic fevers are transmitted by rodents?

A

Lassa fever
Lujo fever

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5
Q

Which viral hemorrhagic fevers are transmitted by bats?

A

Ebola
Marburg

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6
Q

What are viral hemorrhagic fevers?

A

ssRNA viruses (easily killed by bleach)

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7
Q

Are all viral hemorrhagic fevers notifiable conditions?

A

Yes! By law!

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8
Q

Which VHFs have a vaccine?

A

Yellow fever
Rift valley fever (animals)

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9
Q

Which VHFs have treatment?

A

Lassa fever
CCHF

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10
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for VHF?

A

Bacterial septicemia
Rickettsia
Spirochete (leptospirosis)
Parasitic (malaria)
Viral (hepatitis)
Non-infective (drug reactions, snake bite)

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11
Q

What are the 4 genera of filoviridae?

A
  1. Marburgvirus
  2. Dianlovirus
  3. Cuevavirus
  4. Ebola virus
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12
Q

What are the 2 strains of Marburgvirus?

A

MARV (Uganda)
RAVN/RAAV (Kenya)

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13
Q

What is the species of dianlovirus?

A

Mengla virus

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13
Q

Which 2 viruses is mengla virus like phylogenetically?

A

Between Ebola and Marburg

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14
Q

Is the actual disease-causing capability of menglavirus known?

A

No
New, from China, potential to be severe

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15
Q

What are the species in cuevavirus?

A

Lloviu (LLOV) from Spain, France, Portugal

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16
Q

Are cuevavirus pathogenic?

A

Only to bats
No human cases described

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17
Q

What are the species of Ebolavirus?

A

Bundibugya (BDBV)
Sudan (SUDV)
Tai forest (TAFV)
Ebola (EBOV)

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18
Q

How is ebolavirus transmitted?

A

Direct contact with human bodily fluids during acute illness

19
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of ebolavirus

A
  1. Initial infection of MPS in regional lymph nodes
  2. Replication, suppression of INF and rapid dissemination
  3. Large cytokine and chemokine release
  4. Endothelial permeability, macromolecular leakage, tissue destruction -> coagulopathy and hepatic dysfunction
20
Q

How are coagulation defects induced in ebolavirus infection?

A

Indirectly through host immune response

21
Q

What happens to platelets during filovirus infection?

A

Filovirus directly infect and destroy megakaryocytes

22
Q

What criteria is required to define ebola?

A
  1. Travel from affected area <21d
  2. Exposure to bodily fluids
  3. Fever
  4. Symptoms
  5. Decreased platelets
  6. Increased LFTs
23
Q

What are the 2 ebola vaccines?

A

Ervebo
Zabdeno and Mvabea

24
Q

How is lassa fever transmitted?

A

Direct contact with infected rodents or aerosols

25
Q

What is the incubation period of lassa fever?

A

3-16 days

26
Q

What is treatment of lassa fever?

A

Ribavirin
MUST (max use of supportive therapy)

27
Q

How is CCHF transmitted?

A

Tick bites or direct contact with infected blood/tissue

28
Q

What is the incubation period of CCHF?

A

Tick (1-3d)
Blood/tissue (5-6d)

29
Q

What is treatment of CCHF?

A

Ribavirin
MUST

30
Q

What must you ALWAYS consider in acute febrile illness in young patients?

A

Meningococcemia

31
Q

Which virus is associated with “green monkey fever”

A

Marburg virus

32
Q

Which bats are a resevoir for marburgvirus?

A

Rousettus aegyptiacus

33
Q

What tests can be done for marburgvirus?

A

Blood/saliva PCR
Serology

34
Q

How do you treat marburgvirus?

A

Monoclonal antibodies

35
Q

Is there a vaccine for marburgvirus?

A

Not technically
Mvaboa vaccine produces 4 glycoproteins (zaira ebola, sudan, tai forest and marburg) but unproven

36
Q

How is dengue fever transmitted?

A

Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus

37
Q

What is the clinical presentation of dengue according to WHO classification?

A

Dengue w/o warning signs
Dengue w/ warning signs
Severe dengue

38
Q

When is dengue fever highest risk for severity?

A

> 18 months apart from 1st infection

39
Q

What is the incubation of dengue fever?

A

3-14d

40
Q

What are the disease phases of dengue fever?

A
  1. Febrile
  2. Critical
  3. Recovery
41
Q

What clinical test can be done for dengue?

A

Tourniquet test

42
Q

What are the clinical markers in dengue fever?

A

Low platelets
Low white cells
Elevated AST
Synthetic liver dysfunction

43
Q

What are the 2 licensed dengue vaccines?

A

Dervaxia
TAC-003 (QDENGA)

44
Q

What is the backbone of Dervaxia?

A

Yellow fever

45
Q

What is the backbone of QDENGA?

A

DENV-2

46
Q

Which vaccine does not require previous dengue exposure?

A

QDENGA

DTMH (7 decks)

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