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Miscellaneous insects Flashcards

1
Q

What is the latin name for cockroaches and how many species are there?

A

Blottodea
>3500 spp
<1% known

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2
Q

Give the latin name for the oriental cockroach

A

Blatta orientalis

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3
Q

Give the latin name for the australian cockroach

A

Periplaneta australasiae

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4
Q

Give the latin name for the american cockroach

A

Periplaneta americanus

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5
Q

Give the latin name for the brown-banded cockroach

A

Supella supellectilium

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6
Q

Give the latin name for the madeira cockroach

A

Leucophaea maderae

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7
Q

Give the latin name for the german cockroach

A

Blatella germanica

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8
Q

Give the anatomy of a cockroach

A

Black/brown colour
Smooth
Dorsoventally flattened
Antennae
Tegmina

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9
Q

What is the distinct about cockroach antennae?

A

Prominent
Multi-segmented
Filiform

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10
Q

What is distinct about cockroach tegmina?

A

Visible leathery wings that protect the underlying functional wings

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11
Q

Describe cockroach behviour

A

Heated buildings
Social
Nocturnal
Omnivorous
All prefer walking and most can fly
Some are wingless

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12
Q

What are the genital appendages of the cockroach?

A

Cerci (female)
Styli (male)

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13
Q

What is the life cycle of the cockroach?

A

Some produce eggs, some live young
16-48 eggs in ootheca
Nymphs hatch from ootheca after 32 days

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14
Q

How many instars do cockroach nymphs pass through?

A

6-15

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15
Q

What is the difference between cockroach nymphs and adults?

A

Smaller
No wings
No genital appendages

But do resemble adults

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16
Q

What do cockroaches do while feeding?

A

Vomit
Defecate

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17
Q

Why do cockroaches smell bad?

A

Defence glands emit aldehydes/quinones

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18
Q

Give examples of pathogenic organisms carried by cockroaches

A

E.coli
Salmonella

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19
Q

Which nematodes can cockroaches be an intermediate host for?

A

Gangylonem pulchrum (gullet worm)

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20
Q

Which helminths can cockroaches be an intermediate host for?

A

Maniliformis maniliformis

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21
Q

Are cockroaches vectors for disease?

A

Theoretically but not proven
Carry 4 polio viruses, 40 bacteria spp and 12 helminths

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22
Q

How do cockroaches cause allergic disease?

A

Irritant reaction to defense and secretions
Asthma due to proteases and ligands
Salivary hypersensitivity in lab workers

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23
Q

Discuss cockroach control

A

Clean habits
Clean environment
Traps
Baits
Chemicals

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24
Q

What are the 3 medically important families of hymenoptera?

A

Apoidea
Vespoidea
Formicoidea

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25
Q

What are apoidea?

A

Honeybess

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26
Q

What are vespoidea?

A

Wasps

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27
Q

What are formicoidea?

A

Ants

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28
Q

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps social behaviour?

A

Ants - social
Bees - social and solitary
Wasps - social and solitary

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29
Q

What are sterile male and female ants called?

A

Sterile females - workers
Sterile males - drones

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30
Q

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps wings?

A

Ants - wingless except on nuptial flights
Bees - 2 pairs of membranous wings
Wasps - wings and wingless

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31
Q

What is the latin name for velvet ants?

A

Multilidae

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32
Q

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps body hairs?

A

Bees - plumose and feathery body hairs
Wasps - simple structure body hairs

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33
Q

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps mouthpars?

A

Ants - chewing (mandibles)
Bees - lapping
Wasps - biting and chewing

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34
Q

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps diet?

A

Ants - plant and animal matter
Bees - carbohydrates and pollen
Wasps - protein from animals and carbohydrates (less than bees)

35
Q

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps narrow constriction between thorax and abdomen?

A

Ants - 2 constrictions
Bees - 1 constriction
Wasps - 1 constriction

36
Q

What is the difference between ants, bees and wasps stings?

A

For all, only female and workers possess stings

37
Q

Discuss the anatomy of hymenoptera

A

Elbow-jointed antennae
Wasp waist
Stings
Venom varies on species

38
Q

What are the potential reactions to hymenoptera stings?

A

Toxic
Serum sickness
Anaphylaxis

39
Q

What is honeybee venom called and how does it work?

A

Mellitin
Painful
RBC lysis and increased vascular permeability

40
Q

What are coleoptera?

A

Vesicating insects

41
Q

What are the 3 medically important coleoptera families?

A

Meloidae
Staphyliniae
Carabidae

42
Q

Name 4 meloidae

A

Lytta vesicatoria
Epicaudata
Mylabris
Cyanolytta

43
Q

Which meloidae is the spanish fly?

A

Lytta vesicatoria

44
Q

Which meloidae are from Africa?

A

Mylabris
Cyanolytta

45
Q

Which meloidae is from USA?

A

Epicaudata

46
Q

What is important about the colours of meloidae?

A

They are aposematic (colours warn predators)

47
Q

Which substance do meloidae secrete and what does it do?

A

Cantharidin via leg joints
Causes painless blisters which rupture after a few days

48
Q

What are the results of catharidin ingestion/absorption?

A

GIT irritation
Urinary irritation
If severe - lethal

49
Q

Which species are cape mounted rifles?

A

Mylabris spp of meloidae
Mylabris oculata

50
Q

What are the features of mylabris spp?

A

20-50mm
Black and yellow/red
Larvae feed on cricket/locust egg packets or bee eggs, pollen, honey stores

51
Q

What are the 2 staphylinidae species?

A

Paederus subaeus
Paedarus eximus

52
Q

Where is paederus subaeus from?

A

Southern Africa

53
Q

Where is paederus eximus from?

A

East Africa

54
Q

Name the features of the paederus species

A

5-20mm
Shortened wing cases
Characteristic colours

55
Q

What are the characteristic colours of paederus?

A

Head black
Thorax red
Wing cases metallic green/blue
Abdomen red anteriorly, black posteriorly

56
Q

Which substance do paederus contain that cause 2 medical conditions and name them?

A

Paederin
Paederus dermatitis
Nairobi eye

57
Q

What is paederus dermatitis also called?

A

Kissing lesions

58
Q

What are the 3 stages of paederus dermatitis?

A
  1. Erythematous (red spots, patches)
  2. Vesicular (1-2 after stage 1)
  3. Squamous (3-8d after contamination) - causes gradual skin peeling -> pigmented spots that take months to disappear
59
Q

How do you manage Nairobi eye?

A

Wash immediately
Antibiotics

60
Q

What is the difference between lesions caused by cantharidin and paederin in terms of delay between contact and onset of erythema?

A

Cantharidin - 18-24h
Paederin - 36-72h

61
Q

What is the difference between lesions caused by cantharidin and paederin in terms of erythema character?

A

Cantharidin - mild/asx
Paederin - marked and painful

62
Q

What is the difference between lesions caused by cantharidin and paederin in terms of vesicle character?

A

Cantharidin - small, rapidly coalescing, clear fluid on superficial base
Paederin - small, clear fluid becoming purulent, tendency to coalesce on a deep base

63
Q

What is the difference between lesions caused by cantharidin and paederin in terms of symptoms?

A

Cantharidin - almost none
Paederin - pronounced itching

64
Q

What is the difference between lesions caused by cantharidin and paederin in terms of healing?

A

Cantharidin - by resorption or blister bursting
Paederin - crust formation

65
Q

What is the difference between lesions caused by cantharidin and paederin in terms of residual lesion?

A

Cantharidin - none or light transient pigmentation
Paederin - marked persistent pigmentation, itching

66
Q

What are the 3 beetles of the carabidae family?

A

Ground beetles
Ant-nest beetles
Bombardier beetles

67
Q

Name the harmful carabid secretions

A

Formic acid
Salicaldehyde
N-alkane
M-eresol
Isobutyric acid

68
Q

What is the latin family and subfamily for ground beetles?

A

Family - anthia
Subfamily - anthiinae

69
Q

What are the features of ground beetles?

A

25-50mm
Large, black beetles
Yellow/white spots on thorax and wing cases
Carnivores
Daytime creatures

70
Q

What is the defence secretion of ground beetles?

A

Formic acid
Squirt up to 35cm any direction
Severe pain and blisters

71
Q

What is the latin subfamily of ant-nest beetles?

72
Q

What are the features of ant-nest beetles?

A
  1. Antennae consist of fused terminal joints to form club
  2. Special glands that eject volatile quinone-containing gas that cause severe pain/burning of skin/eyes
73
Q

What is the subfamily of bombardier beetles?

A

Brachininae

74
Q

What is the defense mechanism of bombardier beetles?

A

Catalyse hydroquinones enzymatically
Eject 100 degree corrosive irritant liquid than can burn and stain vertebrate skin

75
Q

What is the family of urticating beetles?

A

Domestidae

76
Q

What are the larvae of urticating beetles also known as?

A

Woolly bears
Carpet beatles

77
Q

What are the features of urticating beetles?

A

Larvae feed on decaying animal and plants
Adults feed on flowers
Can cause skin lesions

78
Q

What is the latin name of the carpet beatle?

79
Q

What are the features of the carpet beetle?

A

Small, 3mm larvae
Specialise in fibres
Can cause papulovesicular dermatitis

80
Q

What is the family of colcoptera?

A

Chrysomelidae

81
Q

What are the flea beetles?

A

Polyelada
Diamphidia

82
Q

Discuss the larvae and pupation of flea beetles

A

Larvae feed on marula and commiphora tree leaves
Fall from tree at time of pupation and burrow into the soil and form a cocoon

83
Q

What was a use of flea beetles by humans?

A

San hunters used flea beetle larvae to poison arrow foreshafts

DTMH (7 decks)

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