zoology week 6

Question 1

What does “CRISPR” mean? In brief, how did this technology originate and what does it do?

Answer 1

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
Bacterial enzyme that in nature cuts out parts of invading virus DNA - prevents virus from causing disease

Question 2

What is a “stem cell”?

Answer 2

cell that can turn into any other type of cell

Question 3

Approximately how many phyla are there in the kingdom Animalia?

Answer 3

35

Question 4

What are 4 characteristics common to organisms in Kingdom Animalia?

Answer 4

• Multi-celled
• Heterotroph
• Embryonic stage and adult stage
• Can move under their own power at some point during their life. (animation)

Question 5

Please define “radial symmetry” and “bilateral symmetry.”

Answer 5

Redial (similar parts radiating from a center)
Bilateral (similar on both sides of the midline) (sides mirror each other)

Question 6

What major types of tissues do embryos first differentiate into?

Answer 6

germ layer

Question 7

What are the 3 major types of tissues?

Answer 7

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm

Question 8

Which one leads to formation of internal organs?

Answer 8

mesoderm

Question 9

Which one leads to formation of the gut tube or gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 9

endoderm

Question 10

Which one leads to formation of the epidermis (skin, scales, feather follicles)?

Answer 10

ectoderm

Question 11

What are 2 types of digestive systems and how do they differ? Which one is most efficient, and why?

Answer 11

• incomplete digestive system
• complete digestive system- more efficient in terms of time and specialization to maximize digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 12

What are 2 types of circulatory/respiratory systems? How do they differ?

Answer 12

open and closed systems
closed has no major diffusion going on and open does

Question 13

What is a “coelom”? Why is it useful for an organism to have one as part of its body plan?

Answer 13

a body cavity
Organisms have many cell layers that need specialized parts (organs) to deliver nutrients, oxygen, etc.

Question 14

What phylum of animals are asymmetrical?

Answer 14

phylum porifera

Question 15

What does the term “cephalization” mean?

Answer 15

inflammation of the brain
One end of the body is super equipped to sense danger and food, and it can process the information quickly and tell it how to respond.