week 12 mammals and reptiles Flashcards
What is a word that sounds like “amniote” that refers to the fluid surrounding a developing
amniote embryo? If eggs are laid outside the female’s body, are they on land or in water? What
do amniote eggs have on the outside that fish or amphibian eggs don’t have?
amniotic fluid. Land. They have a waterproof shell.
One of the characteristics of amniote animals’ kidneys is that they help the body to conserve what?
Water
What is the skin of an amniote animal like? What protein is the surface layer of such animals’
skin made of?
smooth. keratin
What are the 2 major categories of amniotes?
mammals, reptiles
Reptiles are amniotes. What 2 categories can they further be divided into? What are 3
examples of each? Which category is endothermic, and which one is ectothermic?
bird and non bird.
cardinal, ostrich, robin.
crocodile, snake, turtle.
birds are endothermic.
Do reptiles
make urine? How many heart chambers do they have? (Don’t forget the crocs…) Do they have a
urinary bladder?
yes they have 3 chamber but crocs and birds have 4.
What is the skin of a non-bird reptile like?
scaley
Do birds have hair? If not, what do they have instead? What is it made of?
They don’t have fur, they have feathers made mostly of keratin
Do bird lungs expand? Do they have something extra in their respiratory system, and if so what
are they called?
no. they have air sacs.
What are 4 characteristics generally found among mammals
- hair or fur
- warm-blooded
- mammary glands producing milk
- live birth
What are 3 categories of mammals? What makes them different from one another? What are
at least 1 example of monotremes and 2 examples of marsupials?
placenti, monotremes, marsupials.
horse, platypus, opossum+koala
What is the function of a placenta? Whose cells is it made of? Give at least 5 examples of
placental mammals.
provides oxygen and nutrients to growing fetus. Cells made from both.
Horse
Humans
Cats
Cow
Dog
Why do many animals have a circulatory system? What kinds of substances are circulating
around?
to efficiently transport vital substances like oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout their bodies
What are the main similarities between open and closed circulatory systems? What are the
main differences between the two types? Which one is considered more efficient for bigger
animals?
both systems are designed to transport nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body by using a pumping mechanism. difference is how blood flows within the body. closed is more efficient.
What are the differences between a 1-loop circulatory system and a 2-loop circulatory system?
Which kinds of animals have each type? How many heart chambers are there for each type?
1 loop system - moves through the body to the heart then to the gills. Blood in the heart is all deoxygenated.
2 loop system - 1st (pulmonary circuit) from heart to lungs then back to heart. The 2nd loop (systemic circuit) goes from heart to rest of the body and back to the heart. All blood travels through both.
