zoology week 5

Question 1

Where in the animal cell is DNA located (inside the nucleus or outside the nucleus?)

Answer 1

inside the nucleus

Question 2

What makes a cell in the category of “eukaryotic”?

Answer 2

if the cell contains a nucleus and other organelles

Question 3

What is a chromosome made mostly of?

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) do? What makes it look “rough”?

Answer 4

synthesize and modify proteins. Ribosomes on it make it appear rough

Question 5

What are the jobs of the following animal cell organelles:
smooth ER -
mitochondria -
Golgi body -
lysosome -
ribosomes -

Answer 5

• formation of lipids
• produces lots of energy in the form of ATP
• packages and ships molecules out of cell
• garbage and recycler
• where translation takes place

Question 6

Are animal cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 6

eukaryotic

Question 7

dominant -
recessive -
homozygous -
heterozygous -
allele -
chromosome -
genotype -
phenotype -

Answer 7

dominant - allele that masks effects of recessive allele paired with it in heterogeneous individuals
recessive - allele with an effect that is masked by a dominant allele on the homologous
homozygous - inherited the same allele from the same gene (black fur from mom+dad)
heterozygous - inherited different alleles from same gene (black + brown fur color)
allele - an option for a gene (fur color) (slightly different dna code)
chromosome - made mostly of DNA
genotype - alleles that are inherited
phenotype - observable traits

Question 8

What does it mean when a genetic trait is “polygenic”?

Answer 8

many genes coding from one traits

Question 9

What does “codominance” mean?

Answer 9

alleles work together and both show up (black and white chicken)

Question 10

How about “incomplete dominance”?

Answer 10

neither gene is dominant over the other, the middle is the result

Question 11

What is “epistasis”?

Answer 11

one gene depends on another gene to be expressed

Question 12

The process of mitosis is for growth and repair. The process of meiosis is for ?

Answer 12

reating reproductive cells

Question 13

What happens during the following phases of the cell cycle:
- interphase
- mitosis
- cytokinesis

Answer 13

interphase - growth 1, synthesis (duplication of DNA), growth 2
mitosis - division of DNA into 2 nuclei
cytokinesis? - division of cytoplasm

Question 14

During interphase, there are 3 stages:
G1
s
G2

Answer 14

G1 - growth 1
S - synthesis or duplicate of DNA
G2 - more growth

Question 15

During mitosis, there are 4 main stages:
- prophase
- metaphase
- Anaphase
- telophase

Answer 15

prophase - DNA are bunching up - condensing
metaphase - (middle) - chromosomes line up on middle
anaphase - (apart) - chromosomes pull apart to opposite sides of the nucleus
telophase - results in 2 nuclei and the chromosomes spread apart- decondense

Question 16

How many identical cells result from the process of mitosis and cytokinesis?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

What is a “tumor?” What is the difference between a “benign” and a “malignant” tumor?

Answer 17

Tumor - neoplasm (neo= new) growth with abnormally dividing cells
Benign- does not spread beyond its original location
Malignant- tumor cells have spread from original site to other parts of the body via bloodstream

Question 18

What is “cancer?”

Answer 18

Cancer is a disease when abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy the body tissue.