Zoology Lesson MS & DS Flashcards
A type of muscle that is attached to the skeleton, and has cells that are striated as seen in the microscope, and has voluntary nervous control.
Skeletal Muscle
This muscle is located in the heart, has cells that are striated under the microscope, and has involuntary nervous control.
Cardiac Muscle
What are the 4 Phases of muscle contraction
- Excitation and calcium release
- Cross-bridge formation
- sliding filament mechanism
- muscle contraction and relaxation
This is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients
Digestive System
This is a protein that living things use as catalysts to speed up
chemical reactions.
Enzymes
This passage begins at the mouth and terminates at the anus. Between those two points, this canal is modified as the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines.
Alimentary Canal
Functions of this organ include ingesting food, chewing and mixing food, initiating the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, moving food into the pharynx, and beginning the breakdown of lipids via lingual lipase.
Mouth
It propels food from the oral activity to the esophagus and lubricates the food and passageways
Pharynx
It is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach
Esophagus
This is where the chemical digestion of food occurs
Stomach
It makes digestive juice, which mixes with bile and pancreatic juice to complete the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
small intestine
It absorbs most residual water,
electrolytes, and vitamins produced by enteric bacteria
Large Intestine
Anal Sphincter that is made of smooth muscle, and its contractions are involuntary.
Internal anal sphincter
Anal Sphincter that is made of skeletal muscle, which is under voluntary control.
External anal sphincter
This is the largest gland in the body. It produces bile salts, which emulsify lipids, aiding their digestion and absorption
Liver
This organ stores, concentrates, and releases bile
Gallbladder
Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
Pancreas
Enumerate the processes of Digestion
Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
Absorption
Defecation
This Refers to the entry of food into the alimentary canal through the mouth
Ingestion
This Refers to the movement of food through the digestive tract. It includes both the voluntary process of swallowing and the involuntary process of peristalsis.
Propulsion
This is a series of wavelike
muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
Peristalsis
This is a purely physical process that does not change the chemical
nature of the food. It includes mastication, or chewing, as well as tongue
Mechanical Digestion
Digestive secretions break down complex food molecules into their chemical building blocks (for example, proteins into separate amino acids). The process is completed in the
small intestine.
Chemical Digestion
This is a process of digestion where The simple molecules that result from chemical digestion pass through cell membranes of the lining in the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries.
Absorption
This is a process of digestion where the food molecules that cannot be digested or absorbed need to be eliminated from the body. The removal of indigestible wastes through the anus.
Defecation
This disorder is caused by lactose malabsorption, is a condition in which your small intestine makes low levels of lactase and can’t digest all the lactose you eat or drink.
Lactose Intolerance
This disorder may develop when your lower esophageal sphincter becomes weak or relaxes when it shouldn’t.
gastroesophageal reflux disease
It is a condition in which you may have fewer than three bowel movements a week; stools that are hard, dry, or lumpy; stools that are difficult or painful to pass; or a feeling that not all stool has passed.
Constipation
It is a loose, watery stool three or more times a day. It may be acute, persistent, or chronic.
Diarrhea
Muscles are generally organized as individual fibers encased in ____
Endomysium
These muscle fibers are grouped together as muscle fascics encased in ____
Perymisium
These muscle fascicles that are grouped as muscle organs encased in the ____
Epimysium
