Zoology Lesson 4 IS

Question 1

This comprises the outermost layer of an animal body, including the skin, hair, nails, and glands. It is responsible for much more than simply lending to your outward appearance

Answer 1

Integumentary System

Question 2

The skin makes up about ____ percent of body weight and covers an area of ___ to __ m2

Answer 2

16;1.5 to 2

Question 3

It is composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with no blood vessels within it.

Answer 3

Epidermis

Question 4

It is a cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin.

Answer 4

Keratinocytes

Question 5

It is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness, strength, and water-resistant properties.

Answer 5

Keratin

Question 6

Most of the skin can be classified as _____ skin

Answer 6

Thin

Question 7

It is the most superficial layer of the epidermis, exposed to the outside environment. This layer helps prevent the penetration of microbes and the dehydration of underlying tissues, providing mechanical protection against abrasion for the more delicate, underlying layers.

Answer 7

Stratum Corneum

Question 8

A smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis is found only in the thick skin of the palms and soles. The keratinocytes that compose this layer are dead and flattened.

Answer 8

Stratum Lucidum

Question 9

This layer has a grainy appearance due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they are pushed from the deeper layers. The cells, typically three to five layers deep, become flatter, their cell membranes thicken, and they generate large amounts of the proteins keratin and keratohyalin.

Answer 9

Stratum Granulosum

Question 10

This layer appears spiny in appearance, composed of eight to 10 layers of keratinocytes formed as a result of cell division in the deeper layer of the epidermis.

Answer 10

Stratum spinosum

Question 11

cells in this layer bond to the dermis via intertwining collagen fibers, referred to as the basement membrane.

Answer 11

Stratum Basale

Question 12

This cell functions as a receptor and is responsible for stimulating sensory nerves that the brain perceives as touch

Answer 12

Merkel Cell

Question 13

It is a type of cell that produces the pigment melanin

Answer 13

Melanocyte

Question 14

This gives hair and skin its color, and also helps protect the DNA in the nuclei of living cells of the epidermis from ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage.

Answer 14

Melanin

Question 15

It is considered as the core of the integumentary system. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands.

Answer 15

Dermis

Question 16

Within this layer are fibroblasts, a small number of fat cells (adipocytes), and an abundance of small blood vessels.

Answer 16

Papillary Layer

Question 17

It is the defensive cells that help fight bacteria or other infections that have breached the skin.

Answer 17

phagocytes

Question 18

This layer is composed of dense irregular connective tissue, which provides resistance to forces in multiple directions, contributing to the flexibility of the skin. It constitutes approximately 80% of the dermis and is well vascularized, with a rich sensory and sympathetic nerve supply.

Answer 18

Reticular Layer

Question 19

This is also called the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia.

Answer 19

Hypodermis

Question 20

It consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and abundant adipose tissue.

Answer 20

Hypodermis

Question 21

It refers to filamentous strands of dead keratinized cells produced by hair follicles. These strands contain hard keratin, which is tougher and more durable than the soft keratin found in the skin.

Answer 21

Hair

Question 22

It is composed of densely packed dead keratinocytes

Answer 22

Nail body

Question 23

It is formed on the nailbed and protects the tips of our fingers and toes

Answer 23

nail body

Question 24

This is also known as the sudoriferous glands. when the body becomes warm, this gland produces sweat to cool the body.

Answer 24

Sweat Glands

Question 25

This sweat glands are found all over the body. it releases water, salt, and traces of metabolic wastes; no oils produced.

Answer 25

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Question 26

This sweat gland are usually found in the armpits, around the nipples, and the anal-genital area. it releases organic compounds that make the sweat thicker and subject to bacterial decomposition and smell

Answer 26

Apocrine sweat gland

Question 27

This is a type of oil gland that is found all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair

Answer 27

Sebaceous gland

Question 28

What are the functions of the integumentary system

Answer 28

protection, sensory function, thermoregulation, and vitamin d synthesis

Question 29

This condition is a form of cancer that affects the mitotically active stem cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis. While UV rays are the main culprit, exposure to other agents such as radiation and arsenic can also lead to this type of cancer.

Answer 29

Basal carcinoma

Question 30

This condition is a cancer that affects the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum and presents as lesions commonly found on the scalp, ears, and hands.

Answer 30

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 31

This condition is a cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. This condition typically develops from a mole.

Answer 31

Melanoma

Question 32

This condition is an allergic reaction that manifests as dry, itchy patches of skin that resemble rashes. It is accompanied by swelling of the skin, flaking, and in severe cases, bleeding.

Answer 32

Eczema

Question 33

This is a skin disturbance that typically occurs on areas of the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands (oil glands), such as the face and back.

Answer 33

Acne

Question 34

It is a superficial burn
that affects only the epidermis.

Answer 34

First-degree burn

Question 35

this burn goes deeper and
affects both the epidermis and a portion of the dermis.

Answer 35

second-degree burn

Question 36

This burn fully extends into the
epidermis and dermis, destroying the tissue and affecting the nerve endings and sensory function.

Answer 36

Third-degree burn