Zoology Lesson 4 IS Flashcards
This comprises the outermost layer of an animal body, including the skin, hair, nails, and glands. It is responsible for much more than simply lending to your outward appearance
Integumentary System
The skin makes up about ____ percent of body weight and covers an area of ___ to __ m2
16;1.5 to 2
It is composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with no blood vessels within it.
Epidermis
It is a cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin.
Keratinocytes
It is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness, strength, and water-resistant properties.
Keratin
Most of the skin can be classified as _____ skin
Thin
It is the most superficial layer of the epidermis, exposed to the outside environment. This layer helps prevent the penetration of microbes and the dehydration of underlying tissues, providing mechanical protection against abrasion for the more delicate, underlying layers.
Stratum Corneum
A smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis is found only in the thick skin of the palms and soles. The keratinocytes that compose this layer are dead and flattened.
Stratum Lucidum
This layer has a grainy appearance due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they are pushed from the deeper layers. The cells, typically three to five layers deep, become flatter, their cell membranes thicken, and they generate large amounts of the proteins keratin and keratohyalin.
Stratum Granulosum
This layer appears spiny in appearance, composed of eight to 10 layers of keratinocytes formed as a result of cell division in the deeper layer of the epidermis.
Stratum spinosum
cells in this layer bond to the dermis via intertwining collagen fibers, referred to as the basement membrane.
Stratum Basale
This cell functions as a receptor and is responsible for stimulating sensory nerves that the brain perceives as touch
Merkel Cell
It is a type of cell that produces the pigment melanin
Melanocyte
This gives hair and skin its color, and also helps protect the DNA in the nuclei of living cells of the epidermis from ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage.
Melanin
It is considered as the core of the integumentary system. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands.
Dermis
Within this layer are fibroblasts, a small number of fat cells (adipocytes), and an abundance of small blood vessels.
Papillary Layer
It is the defensive cells that help fight bacteria or other infections that have breached the skin.
phagocytes
This layer is composed of dense irregular connective tissue, which provides resistance to forces in multiple directions, contributing to the flexibility of the skin. It constitutes approximately 80% of the dermis and is well vascularized, with a rich sensory and sympathetic nerve supply.
Reticular Layer
This is also called the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia.
Hypodermis
It consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and abundant adipose tissue.
Hypodermis
It refers to filamentous strands of dead keratinized cells produced by hair follicles. These strands contain hard keratin, which is tougher and more durable than the soft keratin found in the skin.
Hair
It is composed of densely packed dead keratinocytes
Nail body
It is formed on the nailbed and protects the tips of our fingers and toes
nail body
This is also known as the sudoriferous glands. when the body becomes warm, this gland produces sweat to cool the body.
Sweat Glands
This sweat glands are found all over the body. it releases water, salt, and traces of metabolic wastes; no oils produced.
Eccrine Sweat Glands
This sweat gland are usually found in the armpits, around the nipples, and the anal-genital area. it releases organic compounds that make the sweat thicker and subject to bacterial decomposition and smell
Apocrine sweat gland
This is a type of oil gland that is found all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair
Sebaceous gland
What are the functions of the integumentary system
protection, sensory function, thermoregulation, and vitamin d synthesis
This condition is a form of cancer that affects the mitotically active stem cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis. While UV rays are the main culprit, exposure to other agents such as radiation and arsenic can also lead to this type of cancer.
Basal carcinoma
This condition is a cancer that affects the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum and presents as lesions commonly found on the scalp, ears, and hands.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This condition is a cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. This condition typically develops from a mole.
Melanoma
This condition is an allergic reaction that manifests as dry, itchy patches of skin that resemble rashes. It is accompanied by swelling of the skin, flaking, and in severe cases, bleeding.
Eczema
This is a skin disturbance that typically occurs on areas of the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands (oil glands), such as the face and back.
Acne
It is a superficial burn
that affects only the epidermis.
First-degree burn
this burn goes deeper and
affects both the epidermis and a portion of the dermis.
second-degree burn
This burn fully extends into the
epidermis and dermis, destroying the tissue and affecting the nerve endings and sensory function.
Third-degree burn
