Zool. Lec. Flashcards
9 Characteristics of Animals as Living Creatures
- Unique chemical composition
- Metabolism
- Growth and development
- Environmental interaction
- Genetic program
- Reproduction
- Adaption
- Organization
- Movement
It is a type of metabolism that means synthesis of molecules or builds up molecules.
Anabolism
It is a type of metabolism that means breakdown of molecules.
Catabolism
It is the basic unit of matter (consist of proton, neutron, electron).
Atom
It is the smallest fundamental unit of compounds.
Molecule
Basic unit of life.
Cell
A group of similar cells specialized to perform common function.
Tissue
It refers to functional units of an animal body made up of more than one type of tissue.
Organ
It is the association of organs that together performs an overall function
Organ system
It refers to a living creature with interdependent parts
Organism
It consist of individuals capable of interbreeding
Population
It is an interacting group of various species in a common location
Community
It is the complex of living organisms, physical environment, and interrelationships in a unit of space
Ecosystem
It is the complex of living organisms, physical environment, and interrelationships in a unit of space
Ecosystem
It is the life-supporting stratum of Earth’s surface.
Biosphere
It refers to organisms that can produce their own food.
Autotrophic
It refers to organisms that consume other organisms for food.
Heterotrophic
It is composed of only one cellular.
Unicellular
It is composed of many cells.
Multicellular
Cells do not possess nucleus.
Prokaryotic
Cells possessing nucleus.
Eukaryotic
6 steps of Scientific Method
- Identification of a problem
- Formulation of Hypothesis
- Experimentation or Data Collection
- Analysis and interpretation of results
- Conclusion
- Publication
Two paradigms guiding Zoological research:
- Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
- The Chromosomal theory of Inheritance
He classified organisms as growing and capable of reproduction.
Aristotle
He developed the system of binomial nomenclature or “Linnaean System of classification”. Simply, giving an animal a unique, 2-part latin name, the scientific name.
Carl Linneaus
It means Zoon (animal) + logos (to study).
Zoology
It refers to molecules that contain one or more carbon.
Organic molecules
It refers to molecules that do not contain carbon.
Inorganic molecules
It makes up a large portion of living organisms.
Water
Substance that liberates hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.
Acid
Substance that liberates hydroxyl ions (OH-) in solution.
Base
It occurs when compounds are split into smaller pieces by the addition of a water molecule.
Hydrolysis
It occurs when larger compounds are synthesized from smaller compounds.
Condensation/synthesis
A measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution that runs from 0 - 14.
pH
Molecules that prevent drastic changes in the pH of fluids.
Buffer
Function as structural elements and as a source of chemical energy.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates is composed of?
Carbon; hydrogen; oxygen
Three classes of carbohydrates:
- Monosaccharides– simple sugars 2. Disaccharides– double sugars 3. Polysaccharides– complex sugars
It is insoluble in water and provides insulation, which is known as secondary source of energy.
Lipids
These are the major fuel of animals.
Neutral fats
It is composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
Triglycerides
These are complex alcohols with fatlike properties.
Steroids
These are important components of cell membranes.
Phospholipids
It refers to large complex molecules composed of amino acids.
Proteins
It functions as structural framework, for growth and repair, as antibodies or enzymes that serve as catalysts.
Protein
It is linked by peptide bonds.
Amino acids
It refers to complex molecules with particular sequences of nitrogenous bases that encode genetic information (nucleotides).
Nucleic acids
It is known as blueprint of cells and the only molecules that can replicate themselves—with help from enzymes.
Nucleic acids
It consists of a ribose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases; double stranded.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
It consist of a deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous bases; singlestranded.
Ribonucleic acid
Messenger RNA (mRNA) will undergo _____ to produce proteins.
Translation
____ will assist transporting amino acids to build proteins in ribosome.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
DNA will undergo ______ to produce RNA (mRNA).
Transcription
It refers to a sequence of 3 bases that encodes for a specific amino acid.
Codon
It contains protein enzymes and DNA should have been selectively favored over those with only RNA.
Protocells
He observed and coined the term “cell”.
Robert Hooke
He invented the compound microscope.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
He described the nucleus and cytoplasmic movement.
Robert Brown
They proposed the cell theory.
Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann
It states that all living organisms are composed of cells and cells come from preexisting cells.
Cell Theory
True or False
Animal cell is a eukaryotic cell.
True
The outer boundary of the cell which separates the internal metabolism of he cell from its environment.
Plasma membrane
It contains pores to allow molecules to move between nucleus & cytoplasm.
Nuclear envelope
It refers to specialized parts of certain chromosomes that carry multiple copies of the DNA used to synthesize ribosomal RNA.
Nucleoli
It refers to loosely condensed DNA & proteins. If coiled, it is called chromosomes.
Chromatin
The portion of the cell outside the nucleus, and its semifluid portion is the cytosol. This is where organelles are suspended.
Cytoplasm
The largest organelle and it contains the DNA and serves as control and information center.
Nucleus
A part that performs specific function which is membrane-bound or a compartment
Organelle
It referrs to other non-membrane bound parts.
Components
The nuclear envelope joins with a cytoplasmic membranous system.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
It is a type of ER covered with ribosomes.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
It is a type of ER that is not covered with ribosomes; where lipids and phospholipids are synthesized.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
It is where ribosomes synthesize proteins that enter the ER that will either be incorporated into the plasma membrane, exported from the cell, or they may be bound for lysosomes.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
It is a stack of membranous vesicles where storage, modification, and packaging of protein products occurs.
Golgi complex
It refers to small, membrane bound sac which contains enzymes or secretory products.
Vesicles
It contains enzymes (proteins) that can breakdown foreign material like bacteria or worn out cellular components.
Lysosomes
It refers to large sac which serve as storage site of food and other compounds.
Vacuoles
It contains enzymes that contain hydrogen peroxide.
Peroxisome
It refers to the powerhouses of cells where ATP is produced.
Mitochondria
Heterogenous group of proteins that maintain cell shape and spatial organization of organelles.
Intermediate filaments
Made up of the proteins actin and myosin and function in a cell’s ability to contract as seen in muscle cells. Actin microfilaments move molecules and organelles through the cytoplasm.
Microfilaments
Larger tubular structures composed of the protein tubulin.
Microtubules
These two are motile extensions of the cell surface.
Cilia & Flagella
Small fingerlike projections that have bundles of actin microfilaments. They serve to increase the surface area of tissue as in the intestine.
Microvilli
