yuyu Flashcards
Fordism and Postfordism
Fordism
* Mass production for mass
consumption
* Standardized products
* Centralization of
production (factories)
* Longer-term planning
* Employment in
hierarchical organization
Postfordism
- Flexible production for
specific target groups - Differentiation, modularization
- Decentralization of
production (also globally) - Just-in-time production
- More part-time,
temporary, self-employed
(freelancers)
market-oriented modernization theories
Claims that unrestricted capitalism is the best way to achieve
economic growth
* Governments should not interfere in the free market
* This is a modernization theory, arguing that developing
countries should become more like developed countries
* Get rid of tradition
* Develop modern economic institutions
* Develop technologies
* Change values (work ethic, productivity, planning ahead, ambition…)
* Rather ethnocentric, colonial view (“be like us!”)
Dependency theory
More conflict perspective
* Underdevelopment is not their own fault:
* Global exploitation, relatively powerless countries have been exploited
by powerful countries and their multinationals
* Colonialism took profits made on national resources abroad
* This halted industrialization in these (formerly) colonized countries
* Calls for revolutionary changes
* Western governments support loyal governments and have not hesitated
to overthrow non-loyal ones (Guatemala, Chili, Nicaragua)
World-systems theory
Capitalism is a single global system:
* There is a world market for goods and labour
* Population divided into different classes: capitalists and workers
* Political, competitive relations among powerful nations shape the world
economy
* World system consists of three unequal economic zones:
* Core countries (Japan, US, Europa, taking most of global profits)
* Peripheral countries (manipulated/exploited by core countries that take resources
and profits, often selling processed goods back to periphery, with profit)
* Semi-peripheral countries (in between; somewhat controlled by core, somewhat
exploiting actual periphery, suggesting an upward path open to periphery_
