Youth Sport Development Flashcards
What are the benefits of Youth Sport Participation according to (Youth sport trust, 2022)?
- Physical (strengthens muscles and bones, increases cardiovascular fitness)
- Brain function (stimulates growth in parts of brain for learning and memory)
- Psychological (lower anxiety and depression and stress, higher self esteem and confidence, improved mood)
According to Holt (2020) what is Positive Youth Development (PYD) and what are the 5Cs?
- Views all youth as having resources to be developed
- 5Cs, Competence, Confidence, Character, Caring, Connection
According to Holt (2020) why is PYD through sport useful?
- Facilitates youth development via experiences and processes to enable personal and social life skills and physical competencies
- PYD can be applied both to recreational and performance levels
According to (Sport England, 2018) why is Social class an issue in youth sport participation?
- Due to parent’s class position, social background
- 39% of children in least affluent families do fewer than 30 mins of activity a day, compared to 26% in affluent families
According to (Sport England, 2021) give information on Race/ethnicity being an issue in youth sport participation
Black children least likely to be active (36%)
What is Fleming’s (2016) view on issues in youth sport participation?
- Youth sport experiences shaped differently by race, racism and ethnicity
- Policies and practices to table racism in youth sport often failed to address centrality of racism in the experiences of young people from minority groups (e.g. tokenism)
Why do girls participate less in physical/sporting activity according to (Corr et al., 2019)?
- Internal/psychological/relational factors
- School environments influence girls’ attitudes to PE and PA
- Wider societal/structural factors (under representation of female sports in media, lack of role models)
Initiatives to promote girls’ sport participation?
- Title IX (USA)
- This Girl Can (UK)
What is the Title IX (USA)?
- A federal law in the USA
- To prohibit discrimination based on sex in educational institutes
What is the This Girl Can (UK) initiative? (SPORT England, 2021)
- Invested by the national lottery and Exchequer funding
- Objectives: increase the number of girls participating, change how they feel about sporting experiences, change the opportunities available to women
What does (Coakley, 2016) say about criticisms of why programs are not delivering PYD?
- Programs don’t focus on the 6th “C” - contribute (to the community)
- Uses subjective measures such as self-esteem and confidence
- programs deviating from original conceptions of PYD in poor and ethnic minorities
- Programs not tackling community development, social change or making efforts to foster equality
What does (Coakley, 2016) say are the challenges of integrating PYD into sports?
- Program leaders believe playing the sport itself leads to PYD without doing anything else
- Program leaders resist change
- Coaches have a lot of power over athletes making it harder for athletes to make choice to engage with the wider community
- Youth sport becomes privatised and focuses too heavily on financial success
- In US in particular there are a lack of coaching education programmes
- Lack of affordable programs for young people
What does (Coakley, 2016) say about the future of PYD through sport/what needs to happen?
- Research positive benefits of different sports programs
- Focus on building young athlete’s engagement and contribution to the community
- Consider how sports programs can tackle inequality as part of developing PYD
What does (Gould, 2019) say about how youth sport has changed in the last 40 years?
- Talent development and winning now much more important
- More youth sports programs than ever before but geared more towards the gifted youth
- More professionalised and expensive
- More parent involvement
- More media coverage
- Growth in sport science and medical research on young athletes
- More business minded, lots of money involved
What does (Gould, 2019) say are the critical issues in youth sport today?
- Physically based issues
- Psychological issues
- Access and structural issues
- Sport culture issues
- Adult involvement issues
- Economic issues
- Government and legislative issues
- Translational-science and program-evaluation issues
