Sports In International Development

Question 1

What does (United Nations, 2003) have to say about Wider Agendas and Issues?

Answer 1

• Sport directly contributes to the pursuit of the Millennium developmental goals

1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2) Achieve universal primary education
3) Promote gender equality and empower women
4) Reduce child mortality
5) Improve maternal health
6) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7) Ensure environmental sustainability
8) Develop a global partnership for development

Question 2

What is the Role of the United Nations?

Answer 2

• UN has drastically accelerated the use of sport for international development
• 2000- Millenium development goals
• 2001- Creation of UN office on sport for development and peace (UNOSDP)
• 2003- First international conference on sport and development
• 2005- declared to be ‘international year of sport and physical education

Question 3

Give information on International initiatives run by the UN and other international agencies?

Answer 3

• Combination of ‘Sport Plus’ and ‘Plus Sport’
• Over 300 programs in existence
• Majority if initiatives located in central, east and west Africa
• Highly focused on youth, refugees, women and disability.

Question 4

Where does the money come from for projects/initiatives?

Answer 4

• Governments
• Charities
• Commercial sector (sponsors, funds from major events)

Question 5

Other initiatives run by international federations?

Answer 5

IAAF (athletics)
IFNA (netball)

Question 6

Other SDP projects funded by comic relief and UK sport? (Coalter et al., 2010)

Answer 6

• The kids league in Uganda (6-7 week football/netball programmes for 12-15 year olds
• Magic bus in India (age related sports programme for 14-16 year olds from city slums

Question 7

What was the 2012 international legacy programme?

Answer 7

• Associated with the London 2012 bid pledge to “reach young people all around the world and connect them to the inspirational power of the games so they are inspired to choose sport” (Seb Coe, 2005)
• Programme was ongoing in some countries until 2014

Question 8

What did Coatler (2010) say about Sport plus and Plus Sport?

Answer 8

Sport plus = the sport comes first, developmental benefits come second

Plus Sport = development agenda comes first and and sport is the vehicle used to engage people and deliver important messages

Question 9

why pick the 2012 international legacy programme as a case study?

Answer 9

• Linked to a mega event (London 2012)
• Multi-agency, international partnerships
• Uses various approaches to develop sport and physical education
• Project managed from the UK

Question 10

How do you sustain the success of a project ?

Answer 10

• Influencing policy (top-down approach)
• Working with local experts (the bottom -up approach)
• Understanding issues at the National and local levels
• Developing sport and coaching

Question 11

Concerns with using SDP projects?

Answer 11

• Sport as a vehicle, rather than a means to an end goal (Chen, 2018)
• The traditional model of development perhaps is flawed (Collison et al., 2016)
• The choice of sport can be problematic (Clarke et al., 2021)

Question 12

What did (Darnell, 2016) say about the possibilities of advancing international development through sport?

Answer 12

• International health e.g., raising awareness/reducing spread of HIV/AIDS:

Research in Tanzania showed children educated through sports-based coaching had more knowledge than children educated only through national school programs

• Empowering girls/young women who are marginalised/constrained socially, economically or physically:

Sports-based programs in India gave girls/young women opportunity to improve their social standing and relationships

• Force for peace building and conflict resolution

Question 13

According to (Darnell, 2016) what are the limitations of advancing international development through sport?

Answer 13

• Some may not like sport
• Hard to measure how effective sports programs are
• Positive outcomes of sport cannot be guaranteed
• Programs don’t get to the bottom of barriers such as inequality and instead teach kids how to deal with it

Question 14

What did (Darnell, 2016) say about challenges facing “sport for development and peace” (SDP) programs?

Answer 14

• Very few SDP programs do anything to address the significant international problem of environment and global climate change
• The power of sport is not always good, there is corruption, financial mismanagement, doping and violence within sport

Question 15

Authors needed to quote for week 9 (3 authors)

Answer 15

(United Nations, 2003)
(Coalter et al., 2010)
(Darnell, 2016) Article