Mass And Community Sports Development

Question 1

What is physical activity defined as according to (WHO,2010)?

Answer 1

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure

Question 2

What did (Downward et., al 2015) say about the multiplier effect?

Answer 2

• Sport participation increases health and well-being
• This leads to increased participation and increased benefits

Question 3

What are some benefits of sport and physical activity?

Answer 3

• Better cardiovascular function
• Lower blood pressure
• Fights obesity
• Increases social benefits/interactions

Question 4

How much Physical activity should we get?

Answer 4

• Chief medical officers advice: Adults over 150 minutes per week, including 75 minutes of vigorous intensity activity

Question 5

What does (Hilton and Totten, 2013) have to say about the ‘Sport for All’ campaign?

Answer 5

Persistent barriers to participations can be understood as social exclusion

Question 6

What barriers to sport participation did (Hilton and Totten, 2014) talk about?

Answer 6

• Physical barriers
• Economic barriers
• Motivational barriers
• Cultural barriers
• Political barriers

Question 7

Different types of barriers caused by discriminatory practices and processes at three different levels (Hilton and Totten, 2013)?

Answer 7

• Individual-level: Stereotyping discrimination
• Institutional-level: lack of organised sport programmes
• Societal-level: Obstructions in public arenas, buildings and services

Question 8

What are the types of fat burners?

Answer 8

• Clenbuterol: Anabolic and lipolytic effects
• Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4): prioritises fat loss over muscle loss
• Dinitrophenol (DNP): Increase body temperature, a razor’s edge

Question 9

General effects of fat burners?

Answer 9

• Intended effects

Decrease adipose tissue
Appetite suppression

• Undesired effects

Changes in mood and behaviour
Insomnia
Cardiovascular disease
Reduced fat absorption of dietary fat

Question 10

Examples of muscle building drugs?

Answer 10

• Human growth hormone

Increases lean body mass
Targets bone, muscle and organs

• Insulin

Increase glucose and protein storage
Provides a ‘fuller’ look

• SARMs

Work similarly to AAS (orals)
Mainly target anabolic development
Lack of clinical trials

Question 11

Undesired effects of muscle building drugs?

Answer 11

• Human Growth Hormone

Edema
Excessive sweating
Diabetes
Myalgia

• Insulin

Weight gain
Diabetes
Death

• SARMs

Mood swings
Acne
Testicular atrophy

Question 12

What does (lp et al., 2012) say about anabolic-androgenic steroids?

Answer 12

Increasingly common in recreational gym users- predominantly used by non-athlete weightlifters/bodybuilders

Question 13

What does (Mcveigh and Begley, 2016) say about Anabolic-androgenic steroids?

Answer 13

They are becoming a public health issue in the UK

Question 14

Examples of pattern of use with steroids?

Answer 14

• On/off-cycle
• Cruise and blast
• TRT

Question 15

What are drivers of use for taking steroids?

Answer 15

• Competitive edge in recreational sport
• Bodybuilding
• Internal motivations

Body satisfaction
Muscle dysmorphia (Pope et al., 2012)
Eating disorders (Cole et al., 2003)

Question 16

What does (Pope et al., 2014) say about AAS dependence?

Answer 16

30% of AAS users are dependent on them

Question 17

Anabolic-androgenic steroid use in women?

Answer 17

• Motivations = similar to men
• Often pushed to use by male figure
• Professionalism in bodybuilding

Question 18

How many people in the UK use AAS according to (Hope et al., 2023)?

Answer 18

Between 328,000 and 687,000 in the UK

Question 19

How to prevent/reduce harm during steroid use?

Answer 19

• Needle and syringe programs
• Educational programmes
• Understanding motivations to use substances
• Managing use

Question 20

What did (Pope et al., 2014) say were the issues with PEDS?

Answer 20

• Health effects are under appreciated, people taking them think they are safer than they are
• Struggle to have reliable data as cannot conduct ethical randomised trials to duplicate the large doses of PEDs
• Need to raise public awareness of serious health consequences of taking PEDs

Question 21

According to (Hylton and Totten, 2008) what are the key drivers in sport participation rates (forms of inequality)?

Answer 21

• Disposable income
• Levels of educational attainment
• Occupational status
• Culture
• Ethnicity
• Gender
• Sexuality
• Age
• Ability
• Disability

Question 22

According to (Hylton and Totten, 2008) why has “Sport for All” never been fully achieved?

Answer 22

• Inequalities and barriers to sport participation still remain and have not been dealt with effectively
• Lack of consensus on the importance of increasing access to sport for groups (due to inequality) who do not show interest in sport
• Competing opinions between people who have different roles in a company

Question 23

According to (Hylton and Totten, 2008) what future work needs to be done to tackle inequality in sport?

Answer 23

• Tackle inequality in society alongside in sport (give equal opportunities, improve crime prevention, provide learning, job creation)
• Undertake further research

Question 24

Authors needed to quote for week 10 (9 authors)

Answer 24

(WHO, 2023)
(Downward et al., 2015)
(Hilton and Totten, 2013)
(Hilton and Totten, 2014)
(lp et al., 2012)
(Mcveigh and Begley, 2016)
(Pope et al., 2014)
(Hope et al., 2023)
(Hylton and Totten, 2008)