Mass And Community Sports Development Flashcards
What is physical activity defined as according to (WHO,2010)?
Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure
What did (Downward et., al 2015) say about the multiplier effect?
- Sport participation increases health and well-being
- This leads to increased participation and increased benefits
What are some benefits of sport and physical activity?
- Better cardiovascular function
- Lower blood pressure
- Fights obesity
- Increases social benefits/interactions
How much Physical activity should we get?
- Chief medical officers advice: Adults over 150 minutes per week, including 75 minutes of vigorous intensity activity
What does (Hilton and Totten, 2013) have to say about the ‘Sport for All’ campaign?
Persistent barriers to participations can be understood as social exclusion
What barriers to sport participation did (Hilton and Totten, 2014) talk about?
- Physical barriers
- Economic barriers
- Motivational barriers
- Cultural barriers
- Political barriers
Different types of barriers caused by discriminatory practices and processes at three different levels (Hilton and Totten, 2013)?
- Individual-level: Stereotyping discrimination
- Institutional-level: lack of organised sport programmes
- Societal-level: Obstructions in public arenas, buildings and services
What are the types of fat burners?
- Clenbuterol: Anabolic and lipolytic effects
- Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4): prioritises fat loss over muscle loss
- Dinitrophenol (DNP): Increase body temperature, a razor’s edge
General effects of fat burners?
- Intended effects
Decrease adipose tissue
Appetite suppression
- Undesired effects
Changes in mood and behaviour
Insomnia
Cardiovascular disease
Reduced fat absorption of dietary fat
Examples of muscle building drugs?
- Human growth hormone
Increases lean body mass
Targets bone, muscle and organs
- Insulin
Increase glucose and protein storage
Provides a ‘fuller’ look
- SARMs
Work similarly to AAS (orals)
Mainly target anabolic development
Lack of clinical trials
Undesired effects of muscle building drugs?
- Human Growth Hormone
Edema
Excessive sweating
Diabetes
Myalgia
- Insulin
Weight gain
Diabetes
Death
- SARMs
Mood swings
Acne
Testicular atrophy
What does (lp et al., 2012) say about anabolic-androgenic steroids?
Increasingly common in recreational gym users- predominantly used by non-athlete weightlifters/bodybuilders
What does (Mcveigh and Begley, 2016) say about Anabolic-androgenic steroids?
They are becoming a public health issue in the UK
Examples of pattern of use with steroids?
- On/off-cycle
- Cruise and blast
- TRT
What are drivers of use for taking steroids?
- Competitive edge in recreational sport
- Bodybuilding
- Internal motivations
Body satisfaction
Muscle dysmorphia (Pope et al., 2012)
Eating disorders (Cole et al., 2003)
What does (Pope et al., 2014) say about AAS dependence?
30% of AAS users are dependent on them
Anabolic-androgenic steroid use in women?
- Motivations = similar to men
- Often pushed to use by male figure
- Professionalism in bodybuilding
How many people in the UK use AAS according to (Hope et al., 2023)?
Between 328,000 and 687,000 in the UK
How to prevent/reduce harm during steroid use?
- Needle and syringe programs
- Educational programmes
- Understanding motivations to use substances
- Managing use
What did (Pope et al., 2014) say were the issues with PEDS?
- Health effects are under appreciated, people taking them think they are safer than they are
- Struggle to have reliable data as cannot conduct ethical randomised trials to duplicate the large doses of PEDs
- Need to raise public awareness of serious health consequences of taking PEDs
According to (Hylton and Totten, 2008) what are the key drivers in sport participation rates (forms of inequality)?
- Disposable income
- Levels of educational attainment
- Occupational status
- Culture
- Ethnicity
- Gender
- Sexuality
- Age
- Ability
- Disability
According to (Hylton and Totten, 2008) why has “Sport for All” never been fully achieved?
- Inequalities and barriers to sport participation still remain and have not been dealt with effectively
- Lack of consensus on the importance of increasing access to sport for groups (due to inequality) who do not show interest in sport
- Competing opinions between people who have different roles in a company
According to (Hylton and Totten, 2008) what future work needs to be done to tackle inequality in sport?
- Tackle inequality in society alongside in sport (give equal opportunities, improve crime prevention, provide learning, job creation)
- Undertake further research
Authors needed to quote for week 10 (9 authors)
(WHO, 2023)
(Downward et al., 2015)
(Hilton and Totten, 2013)
(Hilton and Totten, 2014)
(lp et al., 2012)
(Mcveigh and Begley, 2016)
(Pope et al., 2014)
(Hope et al., 2023)
(Hylton and Totten, 2008)
