young women (includes prescribed sources) Flashcards
1
Q
what is an oikos
A
athenian household
2
Q
what is a kyrios
A
athenian head of the house
3
Q
what is a kyria
A
the wife of an athenian kyrios and under the direct control of her husband
4
Q
what is exposure
A
when an unwanted baby is left outside to die
5
Q
what is a dowry
A
a payment made by a girl’s father, it can be a fifth of the kyrios wealth. this was supposed to make up for the finicial burdern of taken on his daughter
6
Q
what is a wetnurse
A
a women who looks after and breastfeeds another women’s baby. these were usually slaves, foreigners or poorer citizens who charged from their sevices
7
Q
what is betrothal
A
n engagement ceremony in which the dowry was agreed and they would swear a solem oath in front of witnesses. from this point the couple were considered legally married
8
Q
what is the hearth
A
the symbolic centre of the home
9
Q
who was an athenian girl under control of
A
her kyrios from birth to death
10
Q
who is the firsat kyrios an athenian girl will have
A
herr fatjer
11
Q
what happens when an athenian girl is married
A
she will have a new kyrios, this would be her husbanmmd
12
Q
what are all babies born in
A
an oikos
13
Q
who were the property of the kyrios
A
babies
14
Q
whos choice was it if the baby was to be exposed or allowed into their household
A
the kyrios
15
Q
who was at greater risk of exposure
A
baby girls
16
Q
why were baby girls at a greater risk of exposuure than boys
A
this was because the kyrios would want a strong baby boy who could inherir the finances and properties because women were not allowed to inherir
17
Q
what was the roles of boys
A
they would work in the family buisness and inherit the family wealth when the time comes
18
Q
what was the role of the daughter of an oikos
A
to get married
19
Q
whenn the daughter of an oikos got married what did the father have to do
A
pay her new husband a dowry
20
Q
was exposure seen as legal
A
exposure was not seen as legal or illegal because athenian believed by doiung the practice of exposure, the baby was in the hands of the gods, so it was up to them to save the baby
21
Q
why would’ve a poorer athenian oikos expose th bbaby
A
because they have an already limited amount of money and by having a baby it would ne a greater drain on resources
22
Q
what would girls with poorer families get taught
A
weave, cook,spin woool, manage household finaces and the household slaves
23
Q
who taught girls
A
mothers
24
Q
what would mother teach yong girls
A
a range of practical skills to prepare them for life a kyria
25
what subject specisalist were there
literacym numeracry, music, pe but this wwould've been given to male familes
26
what was marriage
an arranged buisness deal by her kyrios at the age of puberty
27
who had to be at the enagegement ceremony
witnesses where the girl's current kyrios and soon to be kyrios would swear an oarth
28
when were the couple considered legally married
after the engagement ceremony
29
what age could someone be engageed
any age and often years would pass before an actual wedding
30
what was the main concern of the kyrios when finding a fit groom
if the relatiobship would be beneficial for both families
31
was it common for a kyrios to give his daughter to one of his buisness parterbs or friiends to marru
yes
32
what was a dowry used for
to engotiate an athenian marriage
33
why might a kyrios not provide his daughter with a dowry
if their new kyrios has difficulty arranging marriages
34
what was the dowry a form of
protection for the bride as well as a form of compensation for the groom's family for the expense of providing for the bride
35
what if a husband wanted to divorce a wife
he would have to return the dowry as well. this would encourage men to not ask for a divorce without a concrete reason and to not mistreat their wives
36
what happpens if the husband had a large dowry given to him and had spent to
he would not be alowed to divorce the wife
37
how long dod atjemoam weddomg ;ast
3 days
38
what happened in day 1 of athenian weddings
1. the bride, her female relatives amf friends would share a feast
2. the bride would make sacrifices to artemis. the goddess of childhood and virginity and offer a lock of hair as well as childhood toys
3.this was to thank artemis for her protection during childhood and to ask for continued favour as the bride us entering womanhood
4, the bride also might have made offerings to hera, goddess of marriage and aphrodite goddess of love
39
what happened in day 2 of athenian
1. it starts with a ritual bath for the bride
2. this was to purify her and inhance her fetillity
3. she would then be dressed in the finest clothes and jewellery after her bath
4. the veil was the most important part of the bride's costume because it symbolised her modesty and covered her face
5. once the bride has finished getting ready, her kyrios would host a wedding feat in their home for both families and close friends
6. this include wine. food, music and entertainment
7. normally women were excluded from drinking parties, wedding feats were one of the few events they could attend
8. once the feast was over, there was a torchlight procession which involved the groom dragging the bride away
9. from her mother, placing her inside a cart and taking her to his house
10. this represented the bride becoming a member of the ggroom's household with him being her new kyrios
11.toruches were lit to ward off evil spirits
12. the women would throw fruit and flowers at the couple as a symbol of fertility and the men would sing wedding songs which were accompanied by musicians
13. when procession ended, the bride would be taken to the hearth of her groom's house
14.at the end of the procession, the wooden axel of the proccesional cart was burned
15.this represented that the bride could not return to their won home
16. the couple would go to their bedroom which was decorated with flowers and would spend the night together
17.their friends would stand guard, sing song and bang on the door
18. this was either to offer support to the bride who was about to lose her virginity or to prevent evil spirits from curing the marriage
40
what happens on day 3 of the Athenian marriage
1. on the final morning of the wedding ceremony, the bride attendants would be outside the room with male guests
2. the celebrants would sing wedding songs and the bride would be given gifts by the members of her new family
3. these gifts would be used to help the bride in her new life and would consist of clothing perfume, jewellery and cosmetic tools
41
why were eye witnesses so improtant to the wedding ceremony
the athenian goverment did not keep a record of married couples
42
what happens if someone ever claimed that the couple were not married
the eyewitnesses would be called to give evidience
43
what is a syssition
a communal mess hall which spartan warriors dined and for which each man had to contribute food to
44
what role did all spartam males do
they were all professinal solider
45
what were spartan laws created to do
to produce elite soldiers that would allow sparta to achieve military dominance
46
what did spartan women not do
go to war
47
who had an aimportant role in the militaristic system
spartan women
48
what were the laws of spartan society aimed to help
spartan girls to bear chuldren and to encourage the men of sparta to excel in their training
49
who would decide in sparta if a newborn baby would be accepted into a hisehold
the spartan elders
50
what was the decision that the spartan elders made based on
if the baby seemed strong or lacking of any deformities, they would order it to be raised and if not it would be exposed
51
did spartan have a prefences over boys or girls
no
52
were the spartan elderss women or men
men
53
the main criteria was the health of the baby, what does this suggest
the spartan elders valued the contribution women made to sparta
54
what did the llaws abnd customs that governed the upbring and education of spartan girls aim to do
help them bear children and encourage men with their training
55
what did the spartan training system encourage
physical excellence from its women as much as its men
56
who was the fitst women to be a victor at the ancient spartan Olympic games
cynicias
57
when was the spartan olympic games held
every four years
58
how did cynisca manage to be in the spartan olympic gaes
by entering the gamea as a trainer of horses. she did not attend the gamess but here team of horses won first place in the charior race, the fact that cyncisca was able to enter the games openly representing her city is clear evidence that the spartan valued physical prowess sin their women
59
who could compete in the spartan olympics
freeborn male greeks
60
in sparta did young men and women have opportunities to interact
yes
61
boys and girls did what outside with full view of each other
exercised
62
what would happen if a boy was being laxy or inept
the girls would insult him
63
what would happen if a boy excelled in his training
they would loudly praise him to motivaate the others
64
because young men and women had many opportunities to interact, what did this mean
that it was uncommon that spartan brides would be strangers to their grooms
65
what was the main purpose of marriages
to produce strong spartan children
66
was there any finicail aspect to spartan marriages
no
67
who married later spartan girls and athenian girls
spartan girls
68
what were the older girls who were in their physical prime though to be able to do
produce stronger chilldren and they were more likely to survive child birth
69
what would happen on a spartan women's wedding night
1. on her wedding night, the bride would cut her hair short, wear mains clothes and sandals
2. she would lie waiting for her husband on the floor of her bedroom
3. the groom would have dinner as normal in his syssition and would have gone to bed in his military barracks
70
what would happen to a spartan women during their wedding night
1. the grrom would sneak out of his barracks and try not to get caught
2. he would go to the brides house, carry her to bedd and consummate the marriage, he would stay with her for a short while
71
what would happen to spartan women before the morning after their wedding night
1.he would return to his barracks to sleep with his comrades, this would continue and the couple would meet in secret
2. by sneaking around, the couple would be excited to see each other which would result in more engentic sex and the more vigorous the more healthier the babies
3. by sneaking around, it prevented husbands and wives from spending too much time together and entrusted that a spartan warriors first allegiance was his comrades and not family
72
what would male spartans do at athe age of 30
1. retire from the fill time army
2. move out from the barracks
3. live with his wife and his children
73
what is the paterfamilas
the roman male head of the household
74
what is the patria potestestas
the power held by the paterfamilas over the members of his household
75
what is a bulla
a lucky charm to ward off evil spirits
76
what is the materfamilas
mother of the roman household and wife of the paterfamilas
77
what is a litterator
a teacher for primary aged children in the romanworld
78
what is a frsco
a painting
79
what is a papyris
an early form of paper
80
what is a stulus
an ancient writing tool
81
what is a villa
house
82
what is rhetoric
the art of public speaking
83
whatr is cum manu
a form of marriage "with hand "
84
what is sine manu
a form of marraige "without hand "
85
what is coemptio
a roman wedding ceremony, resulting in a cum manu marriage, where the bride was symbolically sold to her new husband
86
what is confarretio
traditional patrician wedding ceremony, resulted in a cum manu marriage
87
what is usus
a very popular marriage with no formal wedding ceremony and resulting a sine manu marriage
88
what is pronuba
a eoman citizen woman who had been married only once and was still married to this man
89
what is the lares
the roman family's household gods, representing the spirit of families ancestors
90
what is the pontifex maximus
cheif presit
91
who is janus
god of transitions, beginnings and ending
92
what is an omen
sign from the gods
93
who is a roman women under the control of
the paterfamilas
94
why were daughters more valued iin rome than athens
because they could inherit the familt welath
95
were dowry's used in roman marriages
yes
96
when were baby girls only at risk of exposure
in poorer families
97
what would happen once the baby had been born
a midwife would check the baby for any deformities and out it infrojt of the patefamilas
98
what woulld the paterfamilas do when the baby was accepted
raise it in the air
99
what would the paterfamilas do if he didn't accept the baby
the baby then it would be given to the family of slaves but this would only happen in small cases
100
why were roman girls at greater risk of rejection
they were greater finicial drain on their household as they would not work and usually needed to be provided with an epesive dowry
101
what would happen if a baby girl was welcomed by the paterfamilas
the family would put out a couch for juno, goddess of marriage and queen of the gods
102
what was the purpose of the couch, when the family would put it out
to invite the goddess into the house to watch over the baby in its first few days when it is at its weakest
103
when did a roman naming ceremony take place
8 days after the childs birth
104
what kind of name were girls given
the fminine versiomn of their fatthers clan name
105
if a couple had multiple daughters, would they be given different or the same names
same names
106
who leads the patria potestas
the paterfamilas
107
what else would the roman familt do to celebrate the birth of the child
1. host a ceremoy
2. child will be given gifts including a bulla
3. they would make offerings to the gods and invite their family and close friends to celebrate their birth
108
for how long was the bulla worn for
1. until the girls wedding day
2. until they reach adult hood
109
what would a roman girl be taught
literacy and numeracy, history, music, philopshy, geometry
110
who would teach a roman girl literacy and numeracy
a litterator
111
what kind of families would havr a slave to help with lessons and tell the paterfamilas on the child progress
wealthy families
112
what skills would a roman girl be taught
to manage the household, spin and weaving wool and cooking
113
what kind of children would be taaught history music philosophy and geometry, the art of rhetoric
children in wealthy families
114
why were children in wealhty families get taught history,music, philosophy and geometry
because they had more money to porperly educate their educate their daughters but it was more common that boys were taught these subjects
115
maesia, deffended hersle in court, what does this suggest
she was educated in rhetoric. she was found not guilty by the majority of votes and this means that she must have been n impressive speaker. it is unlikely that she would have been able to win her case, if she was not educated in the heart of rhetoric
116
why was maesia nicknamed androgyne
because she was thoguht to have the spirit of a man
117
why did families have to pay for education
becayse there was no state education in rome
118
in poorer families who would be more educated in rome
biys
119
why were girls from poorer roman families be educated in something more practical
so that they could contribute money to the house
120
what trade might poorer roman girls learn
1. hairdressing
2. jewllery making
3. ribbon making
4. baking
121
what did people use to write
a stylus
122
what did people use to note things down
a writng board
123
what would the writing board be covered in
a layer of wax
124
what would the paterfamilas chose the right match based on
1. buisness relationships between househods
2. finicial gain for the grooms family
3. to improve socialstatus
125
what would happen once the paterfamilas found the husband
consent was needed from both bride and husband to be
126
roman law decreed that a young girl was allowed to unaccept her fiance if what
her father had chosen an unworthy man or someone of bad character, but it was unlikely for this to happen
127
what would happen once both families had approved of the match and the dowry
the couple was betrothed, this was only a formality and could cancelled anytime
128
what would wealthy families do to celebrate the marriage in rome
host an engagemnet parties with friends and family at the bride to be house and the groom to be would give her a ring to wear on her fourth finger to the heart
129
how many types of marriages
2
130
what are the names of two types of marriages
cum manu and sine manu
131
how many types of marriage ceremonies
3
132
what are the names of the types of marriage ceremonies
1. usus
2. confarretio
33. coemptio
133
what would happen the day before a roman brides wedding
the bride to be would make sacrifices to the lares
134
what would happen on the morning of the roman brides wedding
1. bride would put her wedding dress on and knot a wollen belt around her waist
2. her new husband was the only one who could unkniot the belt once the celebration was complete
3. she would wear a flame coloured veil and wear in seix separate locks
4. both bride and groom wore a wreath of flowers on their head
5. after there would be a wedding feast and a procession to the husbands house
6. the groom would grab the bride from her mother as a pretend show of force
7. the friends and families would sing wedding hymns through the streets and would carry spidles to represent the brides domestic tasks, the groom would throw nits and dried fruit to the crows
135
what happens during a roman wedding procession
1. the bride would carry three coins
2. each one would be dropped
3. one for janus, one for her husband to symbolise a dowry and one of the lares of her new household
4. once they were at the grooms house the bride will wrap wool around the doorpost to symbolise her domestic role and she would be carried by her husband because they believed it is a bad omen if the bride trips
5. the wife would be taken to the hearth and would light a torch then the couple would be lead to their wedding couch
136
where did both coemptio and onfarretio wedding ceremonies take place
in the brides fathers house
137
in what type of marriage does the wife legally transfer to her husbands family
cum manu
138
in what ty pe marriage/ceremony does a wifes status be the same as if she had been adopted
cum manu
139
what type of marriage/cereomny could a women inherit property from her husband and if he died and would no longer inherit from her father
cum manu
140
what type of marriage/ceremony would a women e given the title materfamliles if their husband was the paterfamilas of his family unit
cum manu
141
what type of marriage/ceremony would cause the children to belong to their father's family but not their mother;s
cum manu
142
what kind of marriage/ceremony was more common in wealthy families
sine many
143
what kind of marriage/ ceremony does the bride remain under the legal control of her original family
sine manu
144
in a sine manu marriage, the bridde remained under the legal control of her original paterfamilas what did this ensure
the women would be able to inherit from her parents and kept money within immediate family
145
what kind of marriage/ceremony did not requre a dowry and therefore meant a less secure prospect for a women
sine mau
146
what marriage/ceremony meant that the husband could easily divorce the wife with no dowry to repay
sine manu
147
what marriage/ceremony meant that children would belong to their fathers family but not their mothers
sine manu
148
what marriage/cemeony did not involve a fomral ceremony
usus
149
what marriage/ceremony was the couple declared that they wanted to be married and the bride moved into the grooms house
usus
150
which marriage ceremony was celebrated in a similar way to coemptio and confretio
usus
151
which marriage ceremony was used in a sine manu marriage
usus
152
what marraige ceremony could a wife remain a member of her pattterfamilas household and not come under the control of her husband if she wanted but she had to spend three consecutive nights away from her husbands house each year
usus
153
what wedding ceremony did the wife couldnt stay at her husbands house for a whole year without taking a break and if she did this the marriage became cum many and she was legally transferred to her husbands family
usus
154
which wedding ceremony is the oldest
confarretio
155
which wedding ceremony was used for the patrician class
confarretio
156
in which wedding ceremony did the bride and groom make an offering to jupiter king of the foods
confarretio
157
in which wedding ceremony did the couple offer the ceremonial cake in the prence of romes pontifex Maximus
confarretio
158
which wedding ceremony was presided over by a pronuba
confarretio
159
which wedding ceremony was usedd for cum manu marriages
confarretio
160
which wedding ceremony was the bride symbolically sold by her paterfamilas to her husband
coemptio
161
which wedding ceremony was recognisable becayse the man would hold a set of baking scales, the brides paterfamilas would present a single coin representing her dowry on the scales, thus sold her, because this type of wedding was all about exchanging property
coemptio
162
which wedding ceremony was only used for cum manu marriages
coemptio
163
what is the rome prescribed source called
sappho fresco
164
who is the women in sappho fresco
an edcuated upper class roman woman
165
what does sappho fresco show
1.shows a young women holding a stylus to her lips.
2.Papyrus was an expensive commodity in rome, so people often wrote using a stylus and a writing board.
3. The board would be covered with a layer of wax, into which a stylus could write.
4.These writing tools allow us to say
confidently that she must have been educated.
5. She is also likely to have been rich.
6.The fresco was found in a large villa, and the woman seems to
be wearing golden jewellery – a sign of wealth.
