women in the home (with prescribed sources) Flashcards
1
Q
what is polyandry
A
marriage of a woman to two or more men at the same time. the term dervies from the greek poly which means many and the greek andros which means man
2
Q
what does kleros mean
A
a household farm on a plot of land assigned by the state to a spartan warrior
3
Q
what is an agoge
A
a trainign school that all spartan boys attended from the age of seven
4
Q
what was public duty for married women
A
to convieve and bear children
5
Q
no spartan woman could be commerated with a grave marker till what
A
she had borne childrem
6
Q
what were steles dedicated to
A
spartan mothers to celebrate their service to the state. this is different to athens as athenian nymphe and gyne was private family matter
7
Q
was it unusal for a healthy woman to have multiple sexual partners if her husband was much older
A
no, this was normal
8
Q
was sex with multiple partners seen as adultery
A
no
9
Q
why was it not considered adulutry by having sex with multiple partners
A
it was seen as men and women doing their duty to the state to bear healthy children
10
Q
what did spartan society discourage
A
thew accumulation of personal wealth and so most citizens led modest lives
11
Q
spartan society discouraged the accumukationf of personal wealth so most xiizens led modest lives, what does that mean
A
that there would not be concenrs over the inheritance of property and so it did not matter whether a baby was legitimate. all that mattered was that it was healthy enough to serve sparta either as a warrior or a strong fertile woman
12
Q
what were woman not expected to do
A
work wool and stay indoors
13
Q
what should spartan women focus on
A
physical training,managing household and its farm, and upholding the spartan ethos
14
Q
what work did spartan believe their slaves should do
A
work wool and stay indoors
15
Q
what do spartan women have to do to make the maximum contribution to the spartan state
A
bear children until she was no longer fertiled
16
Q
how long would spartan woman continue to train
A
after they are married so that they could maintain their good health
17
Q
what is another thing that spartan women responsible for
A
the management of the family’s kleros while the men were living and training in their communal barracks
18
Q
what would spartan wives direct the slaves to do
A
work and ensure tahy enough food was produced to support the household and to contribute to her husbands syssition
19
Q
what did women make decisions about
A
what to grow,when to purchase equipment and how to sell any surplus
20
Q
why did spartan women have training in arithmetic
A
so that they could manage the farm and the household
21
Q
were spartan women allowed to inheir property from their father
A
yes
22
Q
how much of the property of sparta was owned by women
A
two fifths
23
Q
if spartan women were wealthy and powerful, who would help them decide how to spend their wealth
A
themselves
24
Q
what was one of the most importnat roles that spartan wives and mothers played
A
it was to instil a love of sparta and obedience to its system in their sons
25
at what age did spartan mothers send their sons for training in the agoge
7 years ikd
26
how did spartan mothers prepare their sons for the agoge
by making sure that they were brought up loving the spartan state and willing to give eeverutjing to protect
27
what advice did spartan mothers and wives give to their husband when they were about to go to war
return eeither with your sheild or on it, this means return to me victorious or return to me dead
28
who instilled the value of no honour being in sparta, if a husband survived at war due to cowardice
the women
29
what shows that having chiuldren was so importnat in spartan society
a women who died without haviny any children would not be permitted a grave marker
30
was a spartan women's role state centered or husband centered
state
31
what is a parthenos
an unmarried athenian girl
32
what is a nymphe
a girl who is married and has lost her virginity
33
what is a gyne
a wome who has given birth to her first child
33
what is a stele
stone slab, often with patterns or images carved on them indicating where a body was buried
33
what is plural for stele
stelai
34
what is a chiton
long wollen tunic
35
what is a himation
an outer garment
36
who is asclepius
the god of medicine
37
what is a shrine
a place regarded as holy because of its associations with a divinity/sacred person/relic, marked by a building or other construction
38
who was aristophanes
comedic playwright of ancinent athens
39
what does self sufficienty mean
supporting a household without relying on outisde assistance, an important athenian valuer
40
what is a gynaikeion
the women's working room in a greek house, which may have doubled as a bedroom
41
what is an andron
the men;s socialisng room, usally located by the front door
42
what is a symposimum
a drinking party held by athenian men which citizen women would not have been allowed to attend
43
what is plural for symposium
symposia
44
amphrate stele
- there is a dove in the stele which symbolises purity, this emphasises the nature of the grandmother
- amphrate sits on a chair draped in a chino with a himition
- the scene is framed by walls and a roof which implies that she is inside
- this emphasises amphrate's modesty
- she is holding eye contact and the two seem to be making ete contact in a maternal, caring pose
- her family clearly saw her maternal role as the greatest contribution to the family
- despite the fact the stele appears outside for the public to see, she doesn't invite the viewer to gawk at her by making a spectacle of herself
- amphrates family were able to choose a single imageto convey her
45
what did an ideal athenian not involve herself in
the public spheres of politics, culture or war
46
at what point in time did an Athenian kyria have a strictly defined set of roles and responsibilities she was expected to fulfil
once married
47
what was the most importnat duty of an Athenian kyria
producing a mlae son to be heir to the kyrios property
48
why is producing heirs for a husband in athens important
because it meant that the family and the household would continue to exist
49
what would happen if the kyrios died in athens with no legitimate heir
his property would transfer to his closest male relative and his own household would no longer exist
50
where is the importance of producing a male son reflected in
the terminology ised to describe women, there was a different word for each stage of their reproductive life
51
comparing with how advanced modaern medicine is today, how advanced was athenian medicine
far less advanced, marriages and complications in childbirth are common
52
why was their great anxiety over infertillity in athens
as producing children was seen to be a wife's main duty
53
who did athenians believe that the infertillity issues were a problem with
a women, they didn't believe in male infertillity
54
what treatments were their for infetility
potions ointments fragrences
55
if all infertillity treaments failed, what would be the resort
people would turn to the gods for help partially aclepius
56
how did women ask aclepius for help
1, women would spend the night at asclepius' shrine at epudaurous and it was believed diving snakes would visit them and cure their infertility
2.archaologsts have found many examples of dedications at the sanctuary thanking the god for having enabled women to become pregnant
3. it is possible that whilst the patients were staying in the shrine that they were being gassed and therefore drugged and potentially asleep for more than one night
4.whilst this was happening, attendants w=could have been performing minor surgeries which is why the patients wake up and believe they have been cured
5. when these measures failed, there is some evidence that women might have traded in a black market in male babies
57
even though the kuria had repsoibilies and cettai over authority, who had ultimate authority
kyrios, any order that she gave could be overturned by him
58
who was turia
a roman women
59
what is laudatio turia about
her husband wrote a funeral speech about all the things that she had done in her life and it was inscribed on a huge stone tablet
60
what terrible thinhg happened to turia before the day of her marriage
both her parents were murdered at their own home
61
what was the name of turia's sister's husband
caius cluvius
62
where was turoa's husband at this point and where was her brother in law
husband was in macedonia and borhter in law was in Africa
63
since turoa's future husband and brother in law were absent, what important task did turia have to do now and how did she manage this
to avenge the death of her parents, guard her modesty and organise the property of her parents. she was asserive and investigated
64
where did turia move from and where did she move to then and why
turia moved from her own house in with her future husband's parents, to protect her modesty
65
describe the problem turia then had with her father's will and her inheritance
turia and her husband were named heris in the will but someone was claiming it was invalid due to fake purchase by turia;s father and his wife (turia's mother). because of this turia and all of her father inheritance would been handed over to the family member making the claim
66
which type of marriage did turia's siter have
cum manu
67
what does this dispute over turia's father's will imply about her family circumatances
they were in possesion of enough land for it to be desired by other family members, her other family members may not have been as wealthy
68
why do yoy think some other parties are disputing the inheritance claims of turia and her sister
they seem like easy targets, one daughter is already cum manu and the other daughter was due to get married, no sons to take over their inheritance
69
what are three positve aspect does the writer commend turia on
her reverence for her father, her duty to her sister, her faithful to her husband
70
how long were turia and her husband married for and what does his phrase "without discord" imply abiyt their marriage
41 years, without discord means without disagreement. this means it was harmonisya dn they always got along and were happy
71
what were 9 domestic good qualities that turiaes husband commends her for
loyalty, companionship, good nature, wool working, religiosity, admirable dress sense, devotion to moderation, kindness and duty to family
72
what evideicnce is there of turiaes marriage being an equal partnership
they shared their property between them, he was guardian of hers and she was of his
73
in turae's husbands eyes which is the only other women to be turia's equal in virtue and duty
her sister
74
what did turia do for her female relatives and how significant was this for women
turia brought up her female relatives and even provided dowries for them so that they could achieve marriages to people who were of equal status. without this these relatives may not have been able to get married at all
75
how did turia's husband her brother in law cluvius assist in providing doweries for her female relatives and why did they do this
they provided the moeny for these doweries, even though turia has organised, so that turia did not have to use any of her inheritance
76
wha di turia do for husband when he was in trouble with the government
provided for her husband, sold her hewlleryh,sent her jewllery to gim, sent servants money and provisions, deciveed guards
77
what else di turia do to protect her husband
she begged for his life, and because of this they showed clemency to her husband
78
what di turia do to protect their house and what danger was it in
defneded thier house from milo's men as they had bought the house from him orgunally and he sent the men during the civil war hoping they would be able to break in
79
" i owe my life no less to your piety than his clenmenty " what does her husband mean here ?
he means that although augustus showed clemency and allowed him to return from exile, here also owes his life to his wife's piety as she provided for him so much whilst he was away
80
what does her husband give on how turia was able to influence his actions and give him practical help
she gave him advice, she made sure that he did not act rashly, she got a hiding place for him knowing he would eventually agree. she made her sister and her sister's husabmmd help with this. it is surprising she was able to do this, seeing as women are limited in their role in society. however, if she was from a wleathy family she may be literate had have read literature which would help her with this. her sister;s husband was propnay able to help a lot also.
81
whar according to the turae's husband was "the bitterest thing that happened in my life"
this was when turia was pleading begging lepidus, as augustus was away, she was dragged away and beaten and verbally abused as though she were enslaved which left her covered in bruises. she told augustus about this and showed how cruel lepidus had been
82
what postive charatistic helped turia to survive this difficult period fo her life
her bravery
83
what is her husbands most important reason to honour turia
so that everyone know she saved his life
84
whar was one sad thing about turae's later married life
they were not able to have children
85
why did turia offer to divorce her husband, when she realised that she couldn't have children
so that he could have his own children. she even offers to help picjk his next wife and leave their home so that he can live there with his new wife and have children. that she would consider the children hers also and not divide up their poesssions and it would all still be in his care and hers if he wanted. turia would become like a sister or mother in law to him through her duties and devotion
86
how did her husband react to the divorce
he wanted to stay with her loyalty, a new wife would be uncertain
87
how do we know turae had a successful marriage
if he had divorced her it would have meant disgrace for him, to lose such an amazing wife and unhappiness for them both
88
how do her qualties show turias deovtion to her husband
it could be argued she has not shown devotion as she has offered to divorce him but through this offer she also shows devotion as she knows her duty is to provide children and as she cannot do that she is trying to offer a solution that is best for her husband
89
how do we know that turae and her husband have a big age gap
he states he is elder and should have died first and that she would almost be like a daughter to comfort him when he dies
90
in what way does turae's husband aim to follow by her example
he says he will try to show the same determination she did during her life
91
what do you think turia's husband would think if he knew we were studying his euplogy to his 2000 years later
he intended it to be a sacred memory for all eternity - he would like that people are studying his wife as an example of an outstanding and unique roman wife
92
how eefective is this inscription as a"monument of her praises"
very effecctive howerver what if some people cannot read ? efectivve through the praises he gives her and the details he lists. effective as it has survived until modern day. visionary through fitting for the property, supporting her husband so greatly in exile, supporting her female family members, offering divorce and to chose a new wife and no take any inheritance
93
what impression does laudatio turae give us of the relationship between turia and her husband
turia's achievements arre all centreed around her husband and family, this was a woman's role. her life before her husband could be told as he was not there also he is is the one making the monument so will be centered around her life with him
94
what is a matrona
married roman woman
95
what is patronage
a semi formal association between a ricjer more infukential roman patron and a poorer less influential client. whereby the patron would provide social contacts
96
what is a vilica
a female slave repsonisble for magaing a household
97
what is a lararium
shrine for the household gods
98
what is a contubernium
psternships for couples who were enslaved, as marriage was not permitted
99
once a girl was married, what was she known as
matrona
100
the matrona was supposed to take, what kind of role, when raising her children
an active role and they were well respected for doing so
101
what would a matrona in a poor family oversee
cooking cleaning, spinning and weaving wool, looking after any children. might also work a job to bring money into the househild.
102
what were the two main things a wealthy matrona could do that a poor matrona couldn't do
1. be able top call on anumber of slaves to assist with domestic tasks and so would be able to spend her time in leisure
2, was well educated so could spend time reading books, visiting friends and keeping up with politics
103
in the first and second century BC, when the roman empire was expanding and becoming more wealthy what could married women do
1, they enjoyed a good deal of freedom
2. they were not restricted from leaving the house
3. they were allowed to attend public games, festivals and the theatre
104
who was responsible for organising dinner parties in rome
matrona
105
was the matrona able to attend these dinner parties
yes
106
by attending these dinner parties, what would a roman women be able to help do
bootst the reputation of the family by presenting herself well and ensuring that the party ran smoothly
107
who would take a leading role in managing public affairs of the household and its businesses when the paterfamilas was away
the materfamilas
108
who could not make a will or sign contracts
roman women
109
who could not sell property, free a slave or bring a lawsuit to court and who would have to do these things instead in rome
a roman women and her paterfamilas would have to do these things instead
110
who could own land and property
a roman women
111
how did divorce work in ancient rome
all the husband or wife needed to do was to decalre that the marriage was over. the women returned to her original paterfamilas and the man kept custody of any children that had been born during the marriage
112
what happened if the man initated the divorce in rome
the woman was entitled to her whole dowry back
113
what happened if the woman intiated the divorce in rome
the man would be able to claim a portion of thee dowry for each child that the marriage had produced, and more uf the wife had been proven to be adulterous
114
why were custody battles so rare in rome
becuaser the children automatically came under the patria potestas if their father as the household's paterfamilas, the mother had little legal claim to the children
115
why would many women stay in unhhappy marriages in rome
out of fear of losing access to their children
116
roman men were free to have sexual partners other their wives one one condition, what was the conditionition
their sexual partners had to be of a certain social class eg prostitute foreigner slave
117
what happened if a married man had an affair with the wife/unmarried daughter of another roman citizen
it was considered adultery
118
why were married women not allowed to have any extra marital affairs in rome
due to concerns over the legitmacy of the children
