Young Adulthood

Question 0

features

Answer 0

evolution of adult psychological self and life structure
assumption of major social roles
peak of biological development

Question 1

Age range

Answer 1

20-40

Question 2

transition

Answer 2

separation from parents (physical and intra-psychic)
start to function independently
shift in family dynamics
development of values and ideas w less influence of parents

Question 3

developmental tasks

Answer 3

inner definition of self
comfortable alone
competent (developed more w new roles at work and as spouse/parent)
able to care for self in real world
THIRD INDIVIDUATION (remember Mahler)

Question 4

reasons for living with parents

Answer 4

declining employment
increased college enrollment
declining marriage/delay in marriage
(coresidence will hinder autonomy)

Question 5

20’s

Answer 5

aggressively pursue love and work
immense excitement about one’s potential
angst over possible failure and loneliness
tentative about choices

Question 6

biological development

Answer 6

peak period anatomically, physiologically, and chemically
evolutionarily primed for physical labor and procreation
healthiest stage of life
max efficiency of the immune system

Question 7

mental illness

Answer 7

increased risk for mental health conditions

many mental illnesses first present in teens and 20s

Question 8

30s

Answer 8

autonomy, authority and self-sufficiency
watershed time - questions choices and direction (reappraisal of ones life)
can lead to crisis - marital difficulties, job changes, and depression/anxiety

Question 9

psychosocial development

Answer 9

love and work, work and love

Question 10

intimacy and love

Answer 10

hook-ups common during trasition from adolescence
inc desire for deep emotional involvement
intimacy vs self absorption (ERICKSON)
- identity vs role confusion is needed first to pursue intimacy

Question 11

intimacy vs isolation

Answer 11

erickson
intimacy - could be lover, friend, or community member
require mutuality
role confusion will lead to fear of intimacy

Question 12

finding a partner

Answer 12

in US, main factor is love
also: mutual attraction, similar interests, dependability, emotional stability, pleasing disposition, good health, intelligence, economic stability, and social standing
culture has an impact

Question 13

changes involving marriage

Answer 13

age at first marriage is increasing
co-habitation more common
interracial marriage more common
same sex marriage becoming legal in a number of states
divorce rate dec

Question 14

adult friendships

Answer 14

emotional needs in late adolescence and young adulthood largely met by friendships
during marriage periods, many friendships abandoned
couple friendships start
parent friendships

Question 15

parenthood

Answer 15

joy in creation of a new human
large number of needs
intensifies relationship between parents
many parents raise children in greater isolation in western culture
more splitting of parental roles now

Question 16

challenges of parenthood

Answer 16

economic burden (250000/child)
time
loss of independence
process of letting go
may reawaken conflicts parents experienced themselves as children

Question 17

motherhood

Answer 17

moms of securely attached infants have sensitivity to infant’s needs and desires
responsive during face-to-face interactions
aware of child’s mood
warm and affectionate
overly responsive/under-responsive - likely to have insecurely attached children

Question 18

single parenting

Answer 18

24% kids lived with only mother, 4% with only father
economically, emotionally, physically draining
children do better when both parents are involved

Question 19

adoption

Answer 19

foster care preferred
inc of contraception and dec in adoption
questionable adoption regulations in some countries
addn’l challenges - when/how to tell, dealing with desire to learn about bio parents, children more likely to have behavioral problems and problems with drug abuse

Question 20

work

Answer 20

work identity - self esteem

can also be a source of frustration

Question 21

symptoms of job dissatisfaction

Answer 21

frequent job changes
absenteeism
frequent mistakes at work
accident proneness
sabotage

Question 22

CAREER CONSOLIDATION

Answer 22

George Vaillant proposed this addn’t developmental stage after intimacy vs isolation (25-35)
expand personal identity to assume social identity in world of work

Question 23

unemployment

Answer 23

5/6%
core identity tied to occupation - lack of control
by product loss - structured day, coworkers, status
higher incidence mental illness, alcohol abuse, violence, suicide

Question 24

working mothers

Answer 24

65-75%
+: $, self esteem, social, status, power
more common in lower income families
greatest inc in working wives at top of income scale
51% think kids are better with mother at home (vs 8% fathers)

Question 25

Kohlberg review

Answer 25

preconventional: follow rules based on punishments and rewards
conventional: approach moral problems in terms of position as good, responsible members of society
postconventional: universal moral principles considered broader than rules of particular society

Question 26

Stage 5

Answer 26

Social contract driven
opinons, rights and values should be mutually respected
laws are social contracts, not rigid edicts
laws not promoting general welfare should be changed (greatest good for the greatest number of people)
ex: steal - everyone has right to choose life, don’t - scientist needs $

Question 27

Stage 6

Answer 27

universal ethical principle driven
moral reasoning based on abstract reasoning using universal ethical principles
ex: steal - human life worth more than $, don’t - others need it too

Question 28

critiques of kohlberg

Answer 28

good account of moral judgements but not moral behavior
same person might use different stage in diff situations
based on western cultures only
better at describing boys’ moral judgements (Carol Gilligan)
theory emphasizes analytical thinking, individual choice and responsibility rather than making judgements on cultural norms