The Preschool Years Flashcards
Cognitive Development
Piaget
children’s growth based on their cognitive ability to understand themselves and the world
Psychosocial
Erickson
each stage is a crisis that must be worked on - win a virtue
achievement of working out crisis allows further but
failed crisis -> continued problems
3-6 yrs: crisis=initiative vs guilt, relationship=fam, virtue=purpose, existential question=is it okay for me to do, move and act?
Psychosexual
Freud
our physical area of pleasure is the driver
phallic stage: 3-5 yrs
- becomes aware of differences between the sexes
- genitals are associated with pleasure - masturbation->guilt/anxiety
Oedipus complex and castration anxiety
5-6 - resolution: development of superego or conscience
Moral Development
Kohlberg Heinz dilemma (Stage 2 and 3) Level 1 - Preconventional - how can I avoid punishment? - what's in it for me? Level 2 - Conventional - how can a be a good girl/boy? - how best to keep the law? Level 3 - Postconventional - how can I achieve best for most? - how can I achieve justice for all?
Preschoolers
3-6 SOCIALIZATION independence, courage confronting and mastering new challenges accomplish tasks and start new ones grow 2-3 in/yr all 20 primary teeth by age 3 gain 4-5 lbs/yr sleep 11-13 hrs without nap
3 yrs - gross motor development
use large groups of muscles to sit, stand, walk, run, balance, change position
pedal a tricycle
walk up and down stairs one foot at a time
self-dressing with assistance/supervision
can work toys with buttons, levers and moving parts
puzzles with 3-4 pieces
block tower - 6 blocks
3 yrs - fine motor
gesell figures - circle
person - three parts
begin to use blunt-nosed scissors
turn thick book pages
3 yrs - cognitive
understands the meaning of two
make believe play with dolls and animals
3 yrs - language
can name most familiar things pronouns/prepositions used appropriately (we, me, you) understands in, on and under can say first name, age and sex can name a friend three-word sentences some plural words (all "s"s on the end) follow directions with 2 or 3 steps talks well enough that a stranger understands most of the time
3 yrs - social
copies adults shows concern for a crying friend takes turn in games understands mine, his and hers shows wide range of emotion separates man and woman fairly easily may get upset with major changes in routine
4 yrs - gross motor
steer a tricycle
hop on one foot for two seconds
balance on one foot for 5 seconds - later in the year
put clothes on properly
can catch a bounced ball most of the time
manage a fork and spoon and eat neatly
20/20 vision
4 yrs - fine motor
intersecting lines person - 2-4 body parts four and a half - square scissors - cut a straight line copies some capital letters
4 yrs - cognitively
count to four name four colors understand size relationships remembers parts of stories understands "same" and "different" can tell you what happens next in a book some simple card and board games
4 yrs - language
uses “she” and “he” mostly correctly, and some basic grammar rules
follow a three-step command
enjoy rhymes and word play
sing some simple songs from memory (“wheels on the bus”)
4 yrs - social
prefers to play with other children vs by themselves
more creative with make-believe play
cooperates with other children
*cannot always tell make-believe from reality
likes to play mom and dad
begins to play peer games with rules but rules change based on whim of dominant child
