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FHB > Infants/Toddlers > Flashcards

Infants/Toddlers Flashcards

0
Q

9 characteristics from birth

A 
activity level
persistence
distractability
initial reaction
adaptibility
mood
intensity
sensitivity
regularity
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1
Q

Alexander Thomas, Stella Chess

A

1950’s
infant temperment
9 characteristics from birth

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2
Q

self-soothing

A

3-4 mo

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3
Q

newborn

A

rooting, sucking, crying
moro reflex, grasping, head control
tracking
bonding, skin to skin

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4
Q

John Bowlby

A

attachment - relationship based on critical need, inc survival
“bonding” - doesn’t directly affect survival but has a profound
“mothers” - responsive to needs, sense of security
proximity-seeking behaviors
contact-maintaining behaviors (safe haven, safe base, separation distress)

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5
Q

Margaret Mahler

A

mother is an extension of the infant themself

separation individualation

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6
Q

Harlow’s Monkeys

A

1960s
rhesus babies taken from mother 6-12 hrs after birth
baby goes to mesh surrogate mother even compared to wire one that gives it food
strange behaviors later in life - rocking, aggression, atypical sexuality
“motherless mothers” - negligent or aggressive
caregiver = food, safety, warmth, love, affection

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7
Q

secure attachment

A 
children
 - can separate from parent
 - seeks comfort from parent
 - return of parent met positively
 - prefers parents to strangers
adults
 - have trusting, lasting relationships
 - trend towards good self-esteem
 - comfortable sharing feelings
 - seek out social support
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8
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

worked with Bowlby
assessment of attachment
“strange situation” - 8 episodes

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9
Q

Jean Piaget

A

theory of intelligence - adaptation to one’s environment, balance between needs and demands
cognition moves us past action into symbolic though
schemes, assimilation, accommodation

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10
Q

sensorimotor period

A

birth to 2 years

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11
Q

0-1 mo

A

exercising reflexes:
reflex activity
sensorimotor

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12
Q

1-4 mo

A

primary circular reactions:
activities with own body repeated
coordination

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13
Q

4-8 mo

A

secondary circular reactions:
actions to make interests persist
involve events or actions

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14
Q

8-12 mo

A

coordination of sensory schemes:
combining schemes to obtain goal
(dangerous scheme)

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15
Q

12-18 mo

A

tertiary circular reactions:
trial and error
goal seeking for novel results

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16
Q

18-24 mo

A

intention of new means through mental combination:

representational thought begins

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17
Q

pre-operational period

A

2-7 years

acquire language and symbolic functions

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18
Q

Vygotsky

A

play promotes understanding and symbolic thought

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19
Q

sensorimotor play

A

banging objects
combining objects to create relationship
relational activities
symbolic or pretend play

20
Q

information processing

A 
habituation (focus)
novelty preference
memory
reaction times
anticipation of patterns
problem solving
21
Q

Hidden object stages

A

6 mo - retrieve partially hidden
9 mo - search for item totally hidden
2 yr - find toy displaced from original hiding place

22
Q

object permanence

A

piaget, sensorimotor
differentiation of self from objects
see self as capable of intentional actions
realize that things continue to exist when no longer sensed

23
Q

receptive communication - auditory acuity

A

from birth

  • respond to a voice
  • respond to/discriminate sounds
  • localize a sound (from first 6 mo)
24
Q

receptive communication - speech patterns

A

by 1 year

  • rhythms of native language
  • discriminate patterns of sound - melodies
25
Q

receptive communication - comprehension

A

response to words and short phrases (by 9 mo)
50 words by first year
(ex: protodeclaritive pointing by 1 yr 4 mo)

26
Q

expressive communications - early vocalizations

A 
cooing - by 2 mo
babbling - 3-4 mo
4-5 mo - vowels and consonants
chains of sounds - 7-8 mo
different syllables - 10 mo
27
Q

expressive communication - speaking

A

speaking usually follows comprehension by 1 mo
objects by 1 yr
between 1-2 yrs, for ea new word produced, five new words are comprehended
at 50-100 words, begin two-word combos - by 2 yrs
by 3 yrs - simple sentences

28
Q

expressive communication - gestures

A

nonverbal communication by 1 yr

29
Q

language video examples

A

body parts - 1 yr 9 mo
counting - 2 yr 4 mo
clean up - 3 yr
opposites - 3 yr 2 mo

30
Q

sensorimotor - first foods

A

negative experience, need to learn to coordinate eating

31
Q

control of eye movements

A

focus and tracking, more rapid by 2-3 mo

32
Q

gross to fine motor - reaching and grasping

A

pre-reaching declines between 1-4 mo
intentional reaching/grasping (whole hand) - 3-4 mo
successful reaching/transfer hands - by 5 mo
voluntary release - 6 mo
pincer grasp - by 1 yr
drawing - about 2 yrs?

33
Q

gross motor milestones

A 
rolling - 5 mo
sitting - 6 mo
cruising furniture - 7 mo
crawling - 8 mo (and days later, pull to stand)
first steps - 1 yr
tricycle - 3 yrs
34
Q

social-emotional - 3 mo

A

growing self-regulation and interest in the world

  • can be comforted and direct attention
  • sensory and emotional reactions organize
35
Q

social-emotional - 5 mo

A

engage in relationships

- display positive emotion, engagement, satisfaction toward others

36
Q

social-emotional - 9 mo

A

use emotions in interactive, purposeful manner

- communicate with others using motor acts

37
Q

social-emotional - 14 mo

A

use a series of interactive emotional signals or gestures to communicate

38
Q

social-emotional - 18 mo

A

use signals to solve problems

39
Q

toilet readiness

A

1 yr 9 mo

40
Q

social-emotional - 24 mo

A

use symbols or ideas to convey feelings

41
Q

social-emotional - 30 mo

A

use symbols or ideas to convey more than basic needs

42
Q

social-emotional - 42 mo

A

create logical bridges between emotions and ideas

43
Q

video - pretend play

A

2+ yrs

44
Q

video - empathy

A

3 yrs

45
Q

Erik Erikson

A

Trust vs Mistrust

Autonomy vs Shame

46
Q

Trust vs Mistrust

A

infancy, 1-2 yrs
leads to virtue of hope
parental nurturing, primary event = feeding
sense of basic trust in world and ability to affect events around
- consistency of caregiving
- sense of securing when feeling threatened
failure -> lack of confidence in world and in self

47
Q

Autonomy vs Shame

A

toddlerhood, 18 mo-2 or 3 yrs
leading to virtue of will
ability to do things independently, primary event = toilet training
sense of self-control, personal control over environment
- bodily functions, eating, play/toys, clothing
- feelings of secure confidence, separateness
failure -> feelings of inadequateness, self-doubt

FHB (6 decks)

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