you-nique other

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

a segment of DNA that codes for a protein (these proteins determine your traits)

Question 2

chromosomes

Answer 2

very dense/tightly wound up DNA

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

(deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the information; codes for making proteins which determine inherited characteristics/the instructions an organism needs to develop, function, and reproduce

Question 4

nucleotides

Answer 4

repeating units of DNA made out of a phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogen base (which connect by hydrogen bonds)

Question 5

double helix

Answer 5

two strands of nucleotides connected by hydrogen bonds wound about each other; structure of DNA

Question 6

G

Answer 6

guanine (compliments - C) (three hydrogen bonds)

Question 7

C

Answer 7

cytosine (compliments - G) (three hydrogen bonds)

Question 8

A

Answer 8

adenine (compliments - T) (two hydrogen bonds)

Question 9

T

Answer 9

thymine (compliments - A) (two hydrogen bonds)

Question 10

names of scientists involved in the discovery of DNA structure

Answer 10

James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins, and Francis Crick

Question 11

strawberry DNA extraction process

Answer 11

Mash the fruit to a slush = breaks open the cells
Filter the strawberry extract. = separates DNA
Add detergent solution. = dissolves plasma membranes
Layer cold ethanol over filtered extract = clumps DNA together

Question 12

karyotype

Answer 12

a display (picture) of all chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs (by size and shape)

Question 13

Down’s Syndrome/Trisomy 21

Answer 13

extra chromosome #21

Question 14

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Answer 14

XXY (only in males)

Question 15

Turner’s Syndrome

Answer 15

a single X chromosome (only in female)

Question 16

Edward’s Syndrome/Trisomy 18

Answer 16

extra chromosome 18

Question 17

Patau Syndrome/Trisomy 13

Answer 17

extra chromosome 13

Question 18

homologous pairs

Answer 18

a pair of chromosomes of the same type, one from each parent (pairs of chromosomes which each have a unique size, band pattern, and centromeric position)

Question 19

autosomes

Answer 19

first 22 pairs of chromosomes (any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome)

Question 20

sex chromosomes

Answer 20

chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism

Question 21

diploid

Answer 21

(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 22

haploid

Answer 22

the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells.

Question 23

how many chromosomes present in a normal human cell?

Answer 23

normal human cells are diploid cells which have 46 chromosomes (half from each parent)

Question 24

how many chromosomes present in a gamete?

Answer 24

gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes

Question 25

describe factors that can influence phenotype

Answer 25

genetic and environmental factors

Question 26

allele

Answer 26

different versions of the same gene (one from each parent)

Question 27

genotype

Answer 27

the particular combination of alleles of a gene

Question 28

homozygous

Answer 28

two of the same allele

Question 29

heterozygous

Answer 29

genotype with different alleles

Question 30

phenotype

Answer 30

visible expression of a genotype

Question 31

trait

Answer 31

a genetically determined characteristic

Question 32

carrier

Answer 32

a person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait.