you-nique other Flashcards

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1
Q

gene

A

a segment of DNA that codes for a protein (these proteins determine your traits)

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2
Q

chromosomes

A

very dense/tightly wound up DNA

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3
Q

DNA

A

(deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the information; codes for making proteins which determine inherited characteristics/the instructions an organism needs to develop, function, and reproduce

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4
Q

nucleotides

A

repeating units of DNA made out of a phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogen base (which connect by hydrogen bonds)

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5
Q

double helix

A

two strands of nucleotides connected by hydrogen bonds wound about each other; structure of DNA

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6
Q

G

A

guanine (compliments - C) (three hydrogen bonds)

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7
Q

C

A

cytosine (compliments - G) (three hydrogen bonds)

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8
Q

A

A

adenine (compliments - T) (two hydrogen bonds)

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9
Q

T

A

thymine (compliments - A) (two hydrogen bonds)

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10
Q

names of scientists involved in the discovery of DNA structure

A

James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins, and Francis Crick

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11
Q

strawberry DNA extraction process

A

Mash the fruit to a slush = breaks open the cells
Filter the strawberry extract. = separates DNA
Add detergent solution. = dissolves plasma membranes
Layer cold ethanol over filtered extract = clumps DNA together

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12
Q

karyotype

A

a display (picture) of all chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs (by size and shape)

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13
Q

Down’s Syndrome/Trisomy 21

A

extra chromosome #21

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14
Q

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

A

XXY (only in males)

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15
Q

Turner’s Syndrome

A

a single X chromosome (only in female)

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16
Q

Edward’s Syndrome/Trisomy 18

A

extra chromosome 18

17
Q

Patau Syndrome/Trisomy 13

A

extra chromosome 13

18
Q

homologous pairs

A

a pair of chromosomes of the same type, one from each parent (pairs of chromosomes which each have a unique size, band pattern, and centromeric position)

19
Q

autosomes

A

first 22 pairs of chromosomes (any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome)

20
Q

sex chromosomes

A

chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism

21
Q

diploid

A

(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

22
Q

haploid

A

the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells.

23
Q

how many chromosomes present in a normal human cell?

A

normal human cells are diploid cells which have 46 chromosomes (half from each parent)

24
Q

how many chromosomes present in a gamete?

A

gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes

25
Q

describe factors that can influence phenotype

A

genetic and environmental factors

26
Q

allele

A

different versions of the same gene (one from each parent)

27
Q

genotype

A

the particular combination of alleles of a gene

28
Q

homozygous

A

two of the same allele

29
Q

heterozygous

A

genotype with different alleles

30
Q

phenotype

A

visible expression of a genotype

31
Q

trait

A

a genetically determined characteristic

32
Q

carrier

A

a person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait.