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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecosystem

A

The interaction of biotic (living) things and abiotic (non-living) things in a given area.

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2
Q

Community

A

Different populations interacting with each other

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3
Q

Population

A

A group of the same species of organisms living in the same place at the same time.

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4
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Rocks insects live under, a cave wolves live in, air we breath.

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5
Q

Biotic factors

A

Ants, dying log insects live in

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6
Q

Biosphere

A

Part of our planet where living things exist.
The intersection of the Atmosphere (air), Hydrosphere (water) and Lithosphere (land)

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7
Q

Autotrophs

A

organisms that produce their own energy

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8
Q

Heterotrophs

A

organisms that can not photosynthesise

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9
Q

Palisade Mesophyll

A

densely packed, contains a large amount of chloroplasts (where photosynthesis occurs)

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10
Q

Xylem

A

transports water from the roots to the leaves

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11
Q

Pholem

A

transports food (glucose) from the leaves to the rest of the plant

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12
Q

Stoma (stomata)

A

allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to be released from the leaf

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13
Q

Guard cells

A

open and close the stomata

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14
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

chloroplast organelles within plant cells (found mostly in mesophyll cells)

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15
Q

What does photosynthesis require for it to occur?

A

carbon dioxide, water (reactants) light, chlorophyll (needed for the reaction but not changed by it)

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16
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water (light and chlorophyll) —-> glucose + oxygen

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17
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

aerobic = mitochondria
anaerobic = cytoplasm

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18
Q

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

A

to convert stored energy into usable energy for mostly growth, repair, movement, and reproduction

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19
Q

What is required for aerobic cellular respiration to occur?

A

glucose + oxygen

20
Q

What is required for anaerobic cellular respiration to occur?

A

glucose

21
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + ATP

22
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

glucose —-> lactic acid + ATP

23
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in fungi, bacteria, and yeast (fermentation)?

A

glucose —-> ethanol + carbon dioxide + ATP

24
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate is the molecules that cells use for energy.

25
Q

Products of cellular respiration

A

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

26
Q

Difference between a food web and a food chain

A

a food web shows all of the connections between the individual food chains

27
Q

Arrows in a food chain

A

represent the transfer of energy

28
Q

How is energy lost when moving through trophic levels?

A

Through an organism’s metabolic processes such as waste, growth, and movement which release energy into the environment as heat, sound etc.

29
Q

Food chains

A

they show how energy in the form of food is passed from one organism to another.

30
Q

Organism

A

composed of cells, any biological living system that functions as an individual life form (the name for any living thing whether it is an animal, plant, or bacteria)

31
Q

Habitat

A

where organisms live in ecosystems

32
Q

Natural impacts that may disrupt ecosystems

A

Natural disasters - floods, droughts, and bushfires not only kill species (drowning, burning) they also limit resources decreasing the population

33
Q

Human impacts that may disrupt ecosystems

A

Pollution
Deforestation/farming
Hunting

34
Q

How can introduced species disrupt ecosystems

A

Introduced species disrupt ecosystems because new species may not have any predators, or other factors to keep the population down so their population grows taking up resources and decreasing native populations.

35
Q

Spongy Mesophyll

A

Spread out, contains cells with chloroplast for photosynthesis but less than the palisade and had air spaces in between cells which is where gas is stored

36
Q

The 7 nutrients cycled through ecosystems

A

Carbon, Oxygen, Water, Potassium, Calcium, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus

37
Q

Decomposers

A

help recycle nutrients and minerals back into the soil by breaking down dead matter into substances that can be reused by plants.

38
Q

The conservation of mass

A

Matter can not be created or destroyed. The shape or form of matter may change, but the total amount of matter stays the same.

39
Q

The conservation of energy

A

Energy is never created or destroyed. It may be transferred from one type of energy to another or stored, but the total amount of energy is always conserved.

40
Q

Water Cycle

A

Accumulation/Transpiration –> Evaporation –> Precipitation –> Surface/Subsurface runoff <-_)

41
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

Carbon Dioxide in atmosphere –> Photosynthesis –> carbon is released into the atmosphere through cellular respiration in plants and the animals that eat the plant.

Carbon Dioxide in atmosphere –> Photosynthesis –> plants decay in the ground the carbon is transformed into fossil fuels –> humans burn fossil fuels (coal, oil) releasing it into atmosphere

42
Q

Scientific Method

A

observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, results

43
Q

Hypothesis

A

if (independent variable) then (dependent variable)

44
Q

Independent variable

A

what is changed by the experimenter

45
Q

Dependent variable

A

what is measured by the experimenter

46
Q

Controlled Variable

A

all the factors kept the same/consistent in the experiment

science revision (10 decks)

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