up and atom Flashcards

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1
Q

structure of an atom

A

an atom is made up of subatomic particles. it has a nucleus which holds it’s protons and neutrons while electrons spin rapidly around the nucleus in shells

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2
Q

shell pattern for first 20 elemenets

A

2,8,8,2

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3
Q

rule 1

A

atomic number = number of protons

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4
Q

rule 2

A

number of protons = number of electrons

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5
Q

rule 3

A

mass number = protons + neutrons
neutrons = mass number - protons

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6
Q

protons charge =

A

positive

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7
Q

electron charge =

A

negative

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8
Q

neutron charge =

A

neutral/no charge

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9
Q

valence shell

A

outermost electron shell

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10
Q

ion

A

formed when an atom gains or loses electrons (from it’s valence shell)

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11
Q

cation

A

(positive ion) when an atom loses electrons it has more protons than electrons giving it a positive charge

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12
Q

anion

A

(negative ion) when an atom gains electrons it as more electrons than protons giving it a negative charge

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13
Q

formula of an ion

A

element symbol with the number of electrons it gained or lost (unless it’s one) next to it before a positive or negative symbol depending on which it is

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14
Q

isotopes

A

atoms of the name element with different mass numbers (different amounts of neutrons)

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15
Q

metallic bonding

A

a lattice of positive cations that has free delocalised electrons flowing through the lattice

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