YOU NEED TO FUCKING PASS Flashcards
classifications of acetaminophen
T: antipyretic, non-opiod analgesics
important side effects of acetaminophen
hepatotoxicity, hepatic failure, renal failure, neutropenia, pancytopenia, leukopenia, urticaria
antidote for acetaminophen
N-acetylcysteine
maximum dose of acetaminophen
-pediatric
4000mg
10-15mg
classifications of acetylsalicylic acid
T: antipyretic, non-opiod analgesicscs
P: salicylates
important side effects of acetylsalicylic acid
tinnitus, GI upset, increased bleeding
action of acetylsalicylic acid
inhibits prostaglandins, decreases platelet aggregation
what can aspirin be used for
prophylaxis of ISA and MI attacks
also as a blood thinner
albuterol classifications
T: bronchodilator
P: adrenergic
important side effects of albuterol
tremors, insomnia, palpitations, anxiety
action of albuterol
binds to beta2-adrenergic receptors in airway smoothing the muscle
is albuterol long or quick relief
quick
classifications of calcium carbonate and vitamin D
T: mineral and electrolyte replacement
important side effects of calcium carbonate and vitamin D
arrhythmia, consipation
important client teaching of calcium carbonate and vitamin D
do not take withing 1-2 hours of other medications
can you administer calcium carbonate and vitamin D IM?
NO!
maximum does of calcium carbonate and vitamin D
500mg at one time
high IV concentrations of calcium carbonate and vitamin D can cause?
cardiac arrest
classifications of celecoxib
T: antirheumatic, NSAID
P: COX-2 inhibitor
important side effects of celecoxib
all GI complications
expected side effects of opioids
respiratory depression, GI complications, sedation
what is most important to assess before giving opioids
respirations
antidote for opioids
naloxone
what is the action of opioids
binds to opiate receptors in the CNS which alters perception and response to pain
docusate classifications
T: laxatives
P: stool softener
which medication must health providers teach that you need to avoid straining during BM
docusate (may cause Valsalva maneuver)
draws water into stool resulting in a softer fecal mass
docusates action
what important side effects may fentanyl cause
facial itching
ferrous sulfate classifications
T: antianemic
P: iron supplement
side effects of ferrous sulfate
dark stools, staining of the teeth, GI upset
what labs to monitor when taking ferrous sulfate
hemoglobin, hematocrit
what aids with absorption when taking ferrous sulfate
vitamin C
enters the bloodstream and goes to organs such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow where it becomes part of iron stores
ferrous sulfate action
folic acid classifications
T: antianemic, vitamin
P: water soluble vitamin
side effects of folic acid
rash, irritability, difficulty sleeping, malaise, confusion, fever, INTENSE YELLOW URINE
what labs need monitored while taking folic acid
hemoglobin, hematocrit, reticulocyte count
what may decrease when taking folic acid
serum concentrations of other B complex vitamins
required for protein synthesis and red blood cell function
folic acid action
furosemide classifications
T: diuretic
P: loop diuretic
side effects of furosemide
dehydration, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypovolemia
what should clients consume more of when taking furosemide
potassium
inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride form the loop of henle and distal tubule
furosemides action
hydrochlorothiazide classifications
T: antihypertensive, diuretic
P: thiazide diuretic
side effects of hydrochlorothiazide
dizziness, hypotension, hypokalemia, dehydration
increases excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule
hydrochlorothiazide action
who is commonly prescribed hydrochlorothiazide
patients with hypertension, edema, CHF
what does hydrocodone and APAP also do
suppresses cough
ibuprofen classifications
T: antipyretic, antirheumatic, non opioid analgesic, NSAID
P: nonopioid analgesic
what is ibuprofen commonly used for
dysmenorrhea and arthritis
ketorolac classifications
T: NSAID, nonopioid analgesics
P: pyrrolizidine carboxylic acid
loperamide classifications
T: antidiarrheal
side effects of ketorolac
drowsiness, GI bleeding, dizziness, headache
inhibits peristalsis and prolongs transit time by direct effect on nerves in the intestinal muscle wall
loperamide action
who is commonly prescribed loperamide
IBD patients
magnesium hydroxide & aluminum hydroxide classifications
T: antiulcer
P: antiacid
side effects of magnesium hydroxide & aluminum hydroxide
constipation, diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, TARRY STOOLS; COFFEE GROUND EMESIS
advise patients to wait how long before other meds while taking magnesium hydroxide & aluminum hydroxide
2 hours
what patients are commonly prescribed magnesium hydroxide & aluminum hydroxide
GERD
magnesium sulfate classifications
T: mineral
P: mineral/electrolyte
side effects of magnesium sulfate
muscle weakness, flushing, bradycardia, arrhythmia, diarrhea, hypothermia, drowsiness
LETHARGY, SWEATING
antidote for magnesium sulfate
calcium gluconate
what is important to monitor when giving magnesium sulfate
BP
what must be assessed hourly when given magnesium sulfate
patellar reflex
metoprolol classifications
T: antianginal, antihypertensive
P: beta blocker
morphine sulfate classification
T: opiod analgesics
P: opiod agonist
specific side effects of morphine sulfate
itching at the site (IV), urinary retention
what medications do you need to be cautious with when giving opioids
MAOI’s
naloxone classifications
T: antidote
P: opioid antagonist
side effects of naloxone
hypertension, hypotension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting
nursing implications of naloxone
LOC
repeat if needed
rebound pain
withdrawal may occur
polyethylene glycol classifications
T: laxatives
P: osmotics
side effects of polyethylene glycol
bloating, cramping, flatulence, nausea, diarrhea
acts as osmotic drawing water into the GI tract
polyethylene glycol
potassium chloride classifications
T: mineral and electrolyte replacement/supplement
what to monitor when giving potassium chloride
labs
hypokalemia/hyperkalemia
maintain acid-base balance, isotonicity, and electrophysiologic balance if the cell
potassium chloride action
sennosides classification
T: laxative
P: stimulant laxative
what should patients do to ensure a rapid result of sennosides
take on an empty stomach
alter water and electrolyte transport in the large intestine, resulting in an accumulation of water and increased peristalsis
sennosides action
adalimumab classifications
T: antirheumatic
P: DMARD, immunomodulator
adalimumab side effects
itching at the site, agranulocytosis, sepsis
what is needed before giving adalimumab
TB test
can use give adalimumab to patients under 4
NO!
client teaching of adalimumab
rotate sites, store in refrigerator, avoid live vaccines
binds to TNF- alpha to decrease inflammation and decrease ESR levels
adalimumab action
amlodipine classifications
T: antihypertensive
P: calcium channel blocker
side effects of amlodipine
headache, dizziness, fatigue, edema, bradycardia, hypotension, flushing
inhibits the transport of calcium into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells which will inhibit excitation and contraction
amlodipine action
what is amlodipine usually prescribed for
angina, hypertension
ceftriaxone classifications
T: anti-infective
P: 3rd generation cephalosporins
specific side effect of ceftriaxone
clostridium difficile, agranulocytosis, seizures, suprainfection
what allergy do you need to assess for when giving cephalosporins
penicillin and cephalosporins
bind to bacterial cell wall membranes, causing cell death. Active against many gram + and gram - pathogens
ceftriaxone action
cephalexin classifications
T: anti-infective
P: 1st generation cephalosporins
side effects of cephalexin
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
what specific side effects should be monitored when giving cephalosporins
RASH/ANAPHYLAXIS
binds to the bacterial wall membrane, causing cell death. active against gram +
cephalexin action
ciprofloxacin classifications
T: anti-infective
P: fluoroquinolone
side effects of ciprofloxacin
acute psychoses, agitation, hepatotoxicity, pseudomembranous colitis, photosensitivity, venous irritation, tendonitis, tendon rupture, SUPRAINFECTION
what labs need to be monitored when giving ciprofloxacin
AST/ALT (liver)
what needs to be done/taught before giving ciprofloxacin
specimen culture and sensitivity
DO NOT CRUSH OR CHEW
what will decrease the absorption of ciprofloxacin
iron or zinc
if taking take 2 hours before or after
when taking which medication should patients where sunscreen when going outside
ciprofloxacin
inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase. Broad spectrum antibiotic against gram +
ciprofloxacin
famotidine classifications
T: anti-ulcer
P: Histamine H2 antagonists
side effects of famotidine
confusion, black tarry stools
what may interfere with famotidine
smoking
inhibits the action of histamine at H2 receptor site
famotidine
fluconazole classifications
T: antifungal
side effects of fluconazole
GI upset, headache, dizziness, rash
dark urine, PALE STOOLS
monitor what functions when giving fluconazole
renal and liver
inhibits synthesis of fungal sterols, a necessary component of the cell membrane
fluxonazole action
fluconazole:
IV
children
1-2 hours (200mg/hr)
2 hours (>6mg/kg/day)
glyburide classifications
T: antidiabetic
P: sulfonylurea
side effects of glyburide
hypoglycemia, dizziness, aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, PHOTOSENSITIVITY, weight gain, swelling, drowsiness, SOB, cramps, sore throat, unusual bleeding
important for clients to know about glyburide
hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas and increase the sensitivity to inulin at receptor sites
glyburide
important labs to monitor in glyburide
AST, LDH, BUN, creatinine
insulin glargine classifications
LONG ACTING
T: antidiabetic
P: pancreatic
decrease blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat
all insulin
HYPOGLYCEMIA, anaphylaxis, lipodystrophy, pruritus, erythema, swelling
all insulin side effects
insulin lispro classifications
RAPID ACTING
T: antidiabetic
P: pancreatic
insulin regular classifications
SHORT ACTING
T: antidiabetic
P: pancreatic
which insulin can be IV or SubQ
insulin regular
metformin classifications
T: antidiabetic
P: biguanide
specific side effects of metformin
decreased B12, metallic taste
what to monitor when giving metformin
Hgb, A1C, renal function, B12
what are patients on metformin at risk for
lactic acidosis (chills, low BP, sleepiness, bradycardia, dyspnea)
decrease hepatic glucose production, decrease intestinal glucose absorption, increase sensitivity to insulin
metformin action
48 hour study
metformin
what drug should be temporarily stopped before surgery
metformin
omeprazole classifications
T: anti-ulcer agent
P: proton-pump inhibitors
side effects of omeprazole
GI upset
client teachings of ompeprazole
do not crush or chew
avoid alcohol, NSAIDS
prevents the final transport of hydrogen into the stomach, diminishing stomach acid
ompeprazole
sitagliptin classifications
T: antidiabetic
P: enzyme inhibitor
side effects of sitagliptin
upper respiratory infection, rash, urticaria, pancreatitis
what can sitagliptin be combined with
metformin, sulfonylure, thiazolidinediones
what to monitor when giving sitagliptin
ketones, BGM
increase levels of active incretin hormones
sitagliptin
vancomycin classifications
T: anti-infective
side effects of vancomycin
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, phlebitis, suprainfection, red-man syndrome
what lab to monitor when giving vancomycin
creatine serum
what can vancomycin cause at IV site
necrosis
signs and symptoms of nephrotoxicity
pink, cloudy urine
binds to the bacterial cell walls, resulting in cell death
vancomycin
