exam 1 (211) Flashcards
what is parenteral?
administration by route other that GI
what must the provider include when writing an order?
date, type of medication, dosage, rate, frequency
what is a flange
the platform reduces risk fo fingers touching the spike
what is the macro drops per ml/min
either 10,15, or 20
what is the micro drip per ml/min
60
when does the tubing need changed?
Peripheral
Central Venous
intermittent
96
96
24
solvent?
solute?
water
dissolved particles
what are electrolytes
solutes that dissolve in water and dissociate into ion particles. Electrolytes give water the ability to conduct electricity
intravascular
interstitial
fluid lies within the veins
fluid lies in spaces between the cells
what osmolality is normal saline at?
308
uses for isotonic fluids
to expand extracellular fluid
replacement of fluids for acute blood loss
hypovolemia
hypotension
(ofter for hemorrhage, burns, and wounds)
uses for hypotonic fluids
hydrate cells
renal failure
malnutrition
uses for hypertonic fluids
in cases of extravascular volume overload
the inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
inflammation of the vein with the formation of thrombus
thrombophlebitis
s&s of phlebitis
redness, warmness, tenderness, swelling, buring
nursing care of phlebitis
discontinue catheter, elevate, warm compress
leakage of IV solution into tissue surrounding the vein
infiltration
s&s of infiltration
redness, warmth, swelling, dull ache, coolness & blanching
leakage of irritant chemicals into tissue surrounding the vein
extravasation
important s&s of extravasation
discoloration of tissue around IV site
occurs when IV fluid infuses too rapidly or too much fluid is infused
circulatory overload
s&s of circulatory overload
engorged neck vein, dyspnea, edema, bounding pulse, rapid repirations
occurs when fluid overload leads to respiratory distress
pulmonary edema
s&s of pulmonary edema
dyspnea, cough, anxiety, thready pulse, elevation/drop in BP, frothy sputum
occurs as a systematic reaction to a foreign substance entering the bloodstream too rapidly
speed shock
s&s of speed shock
syncope, shock, cardiac arrest
present psi limit has been exceeded
occlusion
the sensor detected air in the line
air-in-line
preset volume has infused
infusion complete
pump on, but not started nonfunctional
not infusing
inadequate closure
door open
how long can mid line catheter access be used for
2-4 weeks
how long are midline catheters
3-8 inches
CVAD are…
long-term or home IV therapy
CVAD indications
parenteral nutrition
fluids
chemo
blood
antibiotics (long treatment)
pressure monitoring
most common central line
picc
how long can a PICC dwell
6 months
how long is a PICC
16-26 inches
catheters that are usually inserted directly through the skin & into the jugular subclavian or femoral veins
non-tunneled catheters
what catheters tip rests in the superior vena cava
non-tunneled catheters
tunneled catheters
how long are non-tunneled catheters
6-8 inches
how long can non-tunneled catheters be used?
5-10 days
how long do tunneled catheters last?
months to years
Hickman
broviac
Groshong
blunt end
smaller w/ blunt end
closed-end, side slits
how many ML’s are needed when flushing a PICC line
10 MLs every 12 hours
SALINE FLUSH, ADMINISTER, SALINE FLUSH
!!!!
enteral is administered?
orally
total parenteral nutrition is administered?
directly into the vein
central parenteral nutrition is administered through
central line
S&S of hyperglycemia
N&V, dizziness, rapid pulse, fruity breath
S&S of hypoglycemia
tremors, cold clammy skin, blurred vision, lack of cordination
fluid overload S&S
weight gain, neck distention, crackles & rhonchi, rapid pulse
fluid deficit S&S
loss of turgor, small tongue, sunken eyes, weaken pulse
what is the average liters of blood in the body?
female
male
F- 4 to 5
M- 5 to 6
5 fypes of white blood cells
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
platelets are also known as
thrombocytes
type A blood has
A antigens and anti-B antibodies
type B blood has
B antigens and anti-A antibodies
type AB blood has
anti-A and anti-B antigens and NO antibodies
type O blood has
NO antigent and both A and B type blood
what is the most common reaction that happens around 6hrs. of a transfusion
febrile
what reaction is due to an ABO incompatibility and usually occurs within the first 15 min. after a transfusion
hemolytic
