exam 2 (211) Flashcards
what infection is the inflammation of the mucous membranes of the sinuses due to obstruction that impairs drainage
sinusitis
what are some risk factors of sinusitis?
nasal allergies, deviated septum, nasal polyps
common symptom of sinusitis
bad breath
what is pharyngitis
a throat infection
if pharyngitis is left untreated what may happen
damage to the kidneys
what does strep sometimes cause
scarlet fever (rash)
how many times is it recommended to get rid of your toothbrush when you have strep
3X
what may happen if rheumatic fever is left untreated
it can spread to the heart
what titer is done to see if strep in throughout the body
ASO titer
nalitosis
bad breath
what are sympathomimetic decongestants used for
to reduce nasal congestion
what is a serious side effect of sympathomimetic decongestants
hypertension
what are antihistamines used for
treat allergic rhinitis, conjuctivitis
side effects of antihistamines
drying, blurred vision, urinary retention
side effects of anti-inflammatory agent (intranasal corticosteroids)
nasal burning, thinning of the nasal membrane
anti-inflammatory agent (cromolyn sodium) side effects
nasal burning
serious: bronchospasm, coughing
when a person uses a topical decongestant frequently, then stops taking the drug and notices even more congestion occurring, what is this phenomenon called
rebound effect
what is the action of antihistamines
occupy the receptor sites for histamine
how is pneumonia diagnosed
H&P, chest x-ray, sputum culture
empyema
pus pocket on chest wall
what time of day do you take leukotrienes
evening
what is an asthma attack also known as
silent chest
signs and symptoms of tuberculosis
chronic cough, sputum culture, night sweats, hemoptysis (bloody cough)
how long is treatment for TB
6-9 months
what is the action of guaifenesin
enhances output of respiratory tract fluid, decreases mucus viscosity
what is guaifenesin used for
relieve dryness, treat common cold, bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis
antitussive agent action
suppress cough center in brain
a common side effect of acetylcysteine
nausea and vomiting due to odor similar to rotten eggs
what medication is used to clear thickened mucus from the lungs
mucolytic
long-acting bronchodilators
salmeterol, arformoterol, formoterol, olodaterol
what are anticholinergic broncho-dilating agents for
long-term treatment of COPD
action of roflumilast
block inflammation
what is roflumilast used for
severe COPD
what is omalizumab used for
persistent allergic asthma
what are the requirements to take omalizumab
12-year history of asthma
positive allergen test
other medications have not worked
can cromolyn sodium be used with children?
no one under 5
what is the most common type of anemia
iron deficiency
what commnly causes B12 deficiency
being vegetarian
B12 pernicious anemia
from autoimmune disorders
aplastic anemia
damage to bone marrow
what is the umbrella term for anemia
hemolytic anemia
priapism
painful unwanted erection
what symptoms are common in pernicious anemia
nero.
patients with HTN, HF, and chronic kidney disease will be treated with
ACE inhibitors or ARBs
beta-blockers are used
for stage 1 and 2 hypertension
