York

Question 1

V: what did the chronicler say about the population of York during the harrying?

Answer 1

Most of the populations ‘from youngest to oldest’ was killed

Question 2

V: what happened at the battle of Abernathy with king Malcolm?

Answer 2

William defeated the Scottish army and Malcolm was forced to swear an oath of allegiance to William + give son as hostage

Question 3

V: what happened the year after the harrying?

Answer 3

There was terrible famine, dying, feeling homes, selling themselves into slavery to survive

Question 4

B: what does the domesday book liken York to?

Answer 4

‘Waste’ and records that 2/3 of York’s housing was still empty in 1086

Question 5

B: why was York the only place where 2 castles were built?

Answer 5

Protected the river and main bridge into York. Intended to prevent Viking invasion

Question 6

B:what did the Norman reconstruction of York involve + e.g?

Answer 6

Many large new stone buildings e.g churches= St Helen’s+ abbeys= St Mary’s.
Towers and monument arches

Question 7

B: what did castles provide in York + e.g?

Answer 7

E.g pickering castle. Defence, centres of administration, law and justice, guarded important trade routes

Question 8

B: how was York intended to be seen as a holy city of Norman power?

Answer 8

York minister was rebuilt in the Norman Romanesque style, created whole new layout in the centre of York

Question 9

P: who was given conisbrough, previously owned by Harold?

Answer 9

William of Warenne who was a trusted Norman.

Question 10

P: who was the most powerful person in the north of England?

Answer 10

Thomas of Bayeux (had been William’s chaplain) became Archbishop of York

Question 11

P: how many Norman lords held over 90% land and what happened to it after the conquest?

Answer 11

25 lords. Anglo Saxon nobles had their lands taken and became tenants on former estates

Question 12

P: which experienced commander was left in charge of York?

Answer 12

William FitzOsbern. Many of the Norman lordships were established within 6 years of conquest

Question 13

What happened to prosperous areas of Yorkshire between 1066 to 1086?

Answer 13

Lost 60% value

Question 14

P:What happened to the local economy?

Answer 14

Restructured to supply the royal household

Question 15

B:What were created around York and why?

Answer 15

Royal forests: resource for king and showed his power

Question 16

Why did William try very hard to assert his power in York?

Answer 16

William needed to get control and dominance of the city of York as there was a lot of revolts. Northumbrian earls had lots of power + Malcolm sheltered rebels+ aethling in Scotland

Question 17

How many people were lost to Yorkshire due to the Harrying?

Answer 17

150,000 people

Question 18

What was the Norman response to the Harrying?

Answer 18

Shocked, refused land, returned to Normandy and some became monks