York Flashcards
V: what did the chronicler say about the population of York during the harrying?
Most of the populations ‘from youngest to oldest’ was killed
V: what happened at the battle of Abernathy with king Malcolm?
William defeated the Scottish army and Malcolm was forced to swear an oath of allegiance to William + give son as hostage
V: what happened the year after the harrying?
There was terrible famine, dying, feeling homes, selling themselves into slavery to survive
B: what does the domesday book liken York to?
‘Waste’ and records that 2/3 of York’s housing was still empty in 1086
B: why was York the only place where 2 castles were built?
Protected the river and main bridge into York. Intended to prevent Viking invasion
B:what did the Norman reconstruction of York involve + e.g?
Many large new stone buildings e.g churches= St Helen’s+ abbeys= St Mary’s.
Towers and monument arches
B: what did castles provide in York + e.g?
E.g pickering castle. Defence, centres of administration, law and justice, guarded important trade routes
B: how was York intended to be seen as a holy city of Norman power?
York minister was rebuilt in the Norman Romanesque style, created whole new layout in the centre of York
P: who was given conisbrough, previously owned by Harold?
William of Warenne who was a trusted Norman.
P: who was the most powerful person in the north of England?
Thomas of Bayeux (had been William’s chaplain) became Archbishop of York
P: how many Norman lords held over 90% land and what happened to it after the conquest?
25 lords. Anglo Saxon nobles had their lands taken and became tenants on former estates
P: which experienced commander was left in charge of York?
William FitzOsbern. Many of the Norman lordships were established within 6 years of conquest
What happened to prosperous areas of Yorkshire between 1066 to 1086?
Lost 60% value
P:What happened to the local economy?
Restructured to supply the royal household
B:What were created around York and why?
Royal forests: resource for king and showed his power
Why did William try very hard to assert his power in York?
William needed to get control and dominance of the city of York as there was a lot of revolts. Northumbrian earls had lots of power + Malcolm sheltered rebels+ aethling in Scotland
How many people were lost to Yorkshire due to the Harrying?
150,000 people
What was the Norman response to the Harrying?
Shocked, refused land, returned to Normandy and some became monks
