Church and Monasticism

Question 1

What were the roles of the church?

Answer 1

• education (book + kids)
• legal and political role (witan and church courts)
• religious role
• health
• economic role

Question 2

How did the church make money?

Answer 2

• 25% of land from king
• rented out land
• charged for baptism, wedding, funerals
• tithe
• peasants work land for free

Question 3

What is the tithe?

Answer 3

10% tax to the church

Question 4

What were Lanfranc’s reforms?

Answer 4

• bishops replaced by Norman’s
• architecture improved
• organisation= bishop controls dioceses (keep track)

Question 5

What stayed the same after Lanfranc’s reform?

Answer 5

Local priests stayed the same

Question 6

What were monastic reforms?

Answer 6

• Benedictine rule: vows
• monks refused so Lanfranc sent knights- 3 killed
• no more pluralism, simony, nepotism

Question 7

What are pluralism, simony and nepotism?

Answer 7

• pluralism: more than 1 job
• simony: buy job
• nepotism: given job

Question 8

What were Cluniac monasteries and how it was set up?

Answer 8

William got monks from cluny Abbey to come oversee the development of Cluniac monasteries in England. Imposed the rule of St Benedict

Question 9

What was the influence of Cluny in England?

Answer 9

• answered directly to the abbot of cluny
• by 1135= 24 Cluniac monasteries
near castles
• 1st: founded in 1077 by William de warenne

Question 10

What is secularism?

Answer 10

The principle of separation of the state from religious institutions

Question 11

What was the order of St Benedict?

Answer 11

• set of rules for monks to live by
• basic guide for life in all monastic institutions
• had to train for 4 years

Question 12

What were the vows made in the Benedictine order?

Answer 12

• poverty: give up wealth
• chastity: abstain from pleasure
• obedience: obey god
• stability: never leave

Question 13

Why did people become monks?

Answer 13

• suffer to be close to god
• escape harsh realities in life
E.g younger son (no land)
• divine work on behalf of god

Question 14

What was everyday life for monks?

Answer 14

• isolated from distraction and corruption
• self sufficient: make own stuff
• tend to sick, give alms, teach in community, advise king
• copy book by hand

Question 15

What were lay brothers?

Answer 15

Carry out work at monasteries

Question 16

What was relationship like for William 1 and pope?

Answer 16

• Close as he got papal banner
• Alexander likes Lanfranc’s reforms
• asks William to do penance
• pope Gregory tries to get involved more so will doesn’t like him

Question 17

Why was st Calais tried in the king’s/secular court by William rufus?

Answer 17

He promised to send help against rebellion but didn’t= traitor

Question 18

What was Rufus’s relation with anselm?

Answer 18

• made him archbishop= ill from god
• didn’t let him receive pallium from pope urban as he didn’t want to give him power
• anselm was exiled

Question 19

What were Anselm’s conditions for becoming archibishop?

Answer 19

• lost land given back to archbishopric
• be king ms spiritual advisor (rufus had questionable morals)
• William to recognise urban as pope

Question 20

What happened at the council of rocking ham?

Answer 20

Reached truce. Pallium was sent over for anselm and pope promises to stay out of affairs but relation broke down

Question 21

What did Rufus reintroduce (bad)?

Answer 21

Simony e.g Herbert Losing paid 1000 marks to become bishop of Thetford in 1091

Question 22

Why were relations with church and Henry 1 bad?

Answer 22

•Anselm refuses to pay homage to king
•pope threatened him with excommunication (issued for 4 years)
= for keeping anselm exiled

Question 23

What happened at the concordant of London?

Answer 23

Henry 1 + church= compromise.
Henry receives homage but no longer controls church roles
(With pope Gregory VII)

Question 24

What changes were there for education?

Answer 24

•separate buildings = in towns
•church schools for monks (latin + music)
•grammar schools, some unis e,g Oxford
•French ~ Anglo Norman