Church and Monasticism Flashcards
What were the roles of the church?
- education (book + kids)
- legal and political role (witan and church courts)
- religious role
- health
- economic role
How did the church make money?
- 25% of land from king
- rented out land
- charged for baptism, wedding, funerals
- tithe
- peasants work land for free
What is the tithe?
10% tax to the church
What were Lanfranc’s reforms?
- bishops replaced by Norman’s
- architecture improved
- organisation= bishop controls dioceses (keep track)
What stayed the same after Lanfranc’s reform?
Local priests stayed the same
What were monastic reforms?
- Benedictine rule: vows
- monks refused so Lanfranc sent knights- 3 killed
- no more pluralism, simony, nepotism
What are pluralism, simony and nepotism?
- pluralism: more than 1 job
- simony: buy job
- nepotism: given job
What were Cluniac monasteries and how it was set up?
William got monks from cluny Abbey to come oversee the development of Cluniac monasteries in England. Imposed the rule of St Benedict
What was the influence of Cluny in England?
• answered directly to the abbot of cluny
• by 1135= 24 Cluniac monasteries
near castles
• 1st: founded in 1077 by William de warenne
What is secularism?
The principle of separation of the state from religious institutions
What was the order of St Benedict?
- set of rules for monks to live by
- basic guide for life in all monastic institutions
- had to train for 4 years
What were the vows made in the Benedictine order?
- poverty: give up wealth
- chastity: abstain from pleasure
- obedience: obey god
- stability: never leave
Why did people become monks?
• suffer to be close to god
• escape harsh realities in life
E.g younger son (no land)
• divine work on behalf of god
What was everyday life for monks?
- isolated from distraction and corruption
- self sufficient: make own stuff
- tend to sick, give alms, teach in community, advise king
- copy book by hand
What were lay brothers?
Carry out work at monasteries
What was relationship like for William 1 and pope?
- Close as he got papal banner
- Alexander likes Lanfranc’s reforms
- asks William to do penance
- pope Gregory tries to get involved more so will doesn’t like him
Why was st Calais tried in the king’s/secular court by William rufus?
He promised to send help against rebellion but didn’t= traitor
What was Rufus’s relation with anselm?
- made him archbishop= ill from god
- didn’t let him receive pallium from pope urban as he didn’t want to give him power
- anselm was exiled
What were Anselm’s conditions for becoming archibishop?
- lost land given back to archbishopric
- be king ms spiritual advisor (rufus had questionable morals)
- William to recognise urban as pope
What happened at the council of rocking ham?
Reached truce. Pallium was sent over for anselm and pope promises to stay out of affairs but relation broke down
What did Rufus reintroduce (bad)?
Simony e.g Herbert Losing paid 1000 marks to become bishop of Thetford in 1091
Why were relations with church and Henry 1 bad?
•Anselm refuses to pay homage to king
•pope threatened him with excommunication (issued for 4 years)
= for keeping anselm exiled
What happened at the concordant of London?
Henry 1 + church= compromise.
Henry receives homage but no longer controls church roles
(With pope Gregory VII)
What changes were there for education?
•separate buildings = in towns
•church schools for monks (latin + music)
•grammar schools, some unis e,g Oxford
•French ~ Anglo Norman
