Conquest And Control

Question 1

Who was the strongest claimant to the throne? Why?

Answer 1

Godwinson:
•novissima verba
•witan
•strong/rich
•subregulus

Question 2

Harald Hardrada’s claim to the throne?

Answer 2

•descendant of king Cnut
•dad was promised throne
•powerful king of Norway

Question 3

Weakest claimant to the throne? Why?

Answer 3

Aethling:
•no money
•no army
•only great nephew of Edward

Question 4

William of Normandy’s claim to the throne

Answer 4

•post obitum
•strong and rich
•Godwinson oath of support
•distant cousin of Edward
•papal banner

Question 5

What is post obitum

Answer 5

Inherit a written bequest after the death of a king

Question 6

What is novissima verba

Answer 6

Choice of new king by dying king (death bed)

Question 7

How was Hardrada prepared in the battle of Fulford gate

Answer 7

• 300 ships and 8000 men
• good tactics

Question 8

Why did Godwinson discharge his army after 3 months of waiting

Answer 8

He sent his army (made up of fyrds aswell) home to collect the harvest

Question 9

How did William prepare to fight Gowdwinson

Answer 9

•got people on his side (promised pay)
• papal banner

Question 10

Why did the vikings loose the battle at Stamford Bridge

Answer 10

They were unprepared, waiting for hostages.

Question 11

How many troops did Godwinson miss after the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

Answer 11

He missed 20-30,000 extra troops

Question 12

What was Godwinson’s army composed of?

Answer 12

Housecarls: trained soldiers
Fyrds: untrained farmers

Question 13

What earls fought in the battle of Fulford gate

Answer 13

Edwin and Morcar

Question 14

What was a tactic done by the English in the battle of Hastings?

Answer 14

Shield wall

Question 15

What broke the shield wall in the battle of Hastings

Answer 15

Feigned retreat

Question 16

What was the Norman army composed of?

Answer 16

Archers, cavalry, footmen (infantry)

Question 17

Why was Godwinson’s army tired during the battle of Hastings?

Answer 17

They had marched 300 miles south after the battle of Stamford Bridge

Question 18

Why did Godwinson stay on foot during the Battle of Hastlings

Answer 18

He wanted the army to feel more united, but this was bad as he could not communicate tactics

Question 19

What did the Normans use to communicate in the battle of Hastings?

Answer 19

Flags called ‘gonfanon’ to signal to each other

Question 20

Where had William of Normandy rested when arriving to England

Answer 20

Roman Fort at Pevensey (safe and secure)/ time to rest and prepare

Question 21

Why was the papal banner important

Answer 21

It showed that William of Normandy was getting God’s support to win and conquer England.

Question 22

Why did the Norman earls revolt?

Answer 22

They were losing power due to the marcher earldoms, Roger the Gael was mad that William did not support his marriage, unfair inheritance laws

Question 23

How did William respond to the Edwin and Morcar revolt?

Answer 23

William captured town in Mercia and laid siege in London. After their submission William gave them back their titles and lands

Question 24

Why did the Harrying of the North occur?

Answer 24

•prevent it being used as a base for invasion
•cumin was killed
•deter guerilla warfare from the Anglo Saxons

Question 25

How did William handle the East Anglia revolt?

Answer 25

•Morcar’s title and taken, imprisoned
•Edwin killed
•peace with Hereward, keep his land
•Swein took loot, made peace and went home

Question 26

How did William deter the revolt in the southwest by Gytha and her sons?

Answer 26

William laid siege to Exeter and forced them to surrender

Question 27

Why were castles built?

Answer 27

•show control (dominance)
• base for soldiers/ keep watch
•put down rebellions
•legal matters: courts
•start an attack e.g Harrying of the North
•In Welsh border: deter attacks and conquer wales