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BCN Exam 3 > Yocom 2 > Flashcards

Yocom 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are hyperkinetic movements?

A 
Myoclonus (fast)
Dystonia (sustained)
Chroea (twisting)
Tics (repetitive) 
Ballism (failing)
Athetosis (slow writhing)
Tremor (oscillation)
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2
Q

What are hypokinetic movements?

A

Akinesia (power loss)

Bradykinesia (slow)

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3
Q

What 3 features are unique to dystonia?

A

Task specificity, Geste antagoniste, state function

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4
Q

What is task-specific dystonia often confused for?

A

Focal dystonia

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5
Q

What are the tree key factors to diagnosing dystonia?

A

Age of onset, distribution in body, other neurological disturbances

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6
Q

When is the normal age of onset for dystonia?

A

Before 26

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7
Q

What is primary dystonia?

A

Dystonia is isolated w/ no other symptoms (neurological)

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8
Q

What is secondary dystonia?

A

Due to a drug/toxin

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9
Q

What is the treatment of choice for focal dystonia?

A

Botox injection

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10
Q

What are the drugs used for dystonia (ABC)?

A

Artane, Baclofen, Clonazepam

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11
Q

What is a kinetic tremor?

A

Tremor with movement

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12
Q

Which is the most common tremor seen in adults?

A

Essential Tremor

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13
Q

What exacerbates the essential tremor?

A

Stress, exercise, fatigue, caffeine, meds

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14
Q

What makes the essential tremor better?

A

Relaxation and alcohol

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15
Q

What is the first line treatment for essential tremor?

A

Primidone or propanolol

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16
Q

What is the most common primary tic disorder?

A

Tourette Syndrome

17
Q

What are some secondary cause of tics?

A

Neurodevelopmental, acute brain lesions, post-infection, neurodegenerative, meds

18
Q

What is the treatment for tourettes?

A

Alpha 2 agonists, clonidine and guanfacine

19
Q

What types of motion and clinical features would be seen in Huntington’s?

A

Chorae, bradykinesia, dystonia, irritability, mania, depression, lack of self-control, dysphagia, strained loud voice, hostile outbursts

20
Q

What are some early signs of huntington’s cognitive decline?

A

Forgetfulness, difficulty maintaining attention/focus and multitasking

21
Q

What are the genetic features of huntington’s?

A

Autosomal dominant, CAG repeat

22
Q

What is Wilsons disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)?

A

Mutations resulting in elevated levels of copper in the body

23
Q

What are the principle problems in Wilson’s disease?

A

Reduced copper excretion due to mutated ATP7B

Impairs formation of ceruoloplasmin

24
Q

What occurs if there is a build up of copper?

A

It’s toxic so oxidative damage occurs; screws up liver and basal ganglia, causes cerebral atrophy

25
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Wilsons?

A

Progressive neurodegenerative that starts 11-25 y/o
Liver signs proceed neurological ones
Mood changes, depression, psychosis

26
Q

What are the physical neurological signs of Wilsons?

A

Dystonia and tremor (wing beat), rigidity, Kayser-Fleisher ring

27
Q

What MRI sign would you see in Wilsons?

A

Giant panda sign

28
Q

What is the treatment for Wilsons?

A

Initial phase: Pencillamine
Maintenance phase: Zinc acetate (prevents Cu GI absorption)
Liver transplant

29
Q

What are the cardinal features of Parkinson’s?

A

Tremor at rest/postural, bradykinesia, rigidity

30
Q

What proteins can be linked to Parkinson’s?

A

a-synnuclein, parkin, UCH-L1

31
Q

What is the first step to diagnose Parkinson’s?

A

Bradykinesia + Rigity OR Tremor at rest OR Postural instability

32
Q

What is step 2 to diagnose Parkinson’s?

A

Exclusion of other things that may show similar signs

33
Q

What is step 3 to diagnose Parkinson’s?

A

Support features

Unilateral onset, rest tremor, levodopa responsiveness

34
Q

What dec the risk of getting Parkinson’s?

A

Caffeine, cigarettes

35
Q

What are some drug therapies to use for Parkinson’s?

A

Monoamines oxidase B inhibitors (Selegiline, Rasagiline) with levodopa
Amantadine

36
Q

Who cannot take anticholinergic drugs for Parkinson’s?

A

Elderly (over 65)

37
Q

What are the surgical procedures done to treat Parkinson’s?

A 
Deep brain stimulation, creation of lesions 
Thalamic surgeries (tremor), Pallidal/subthalamic (global effect)

BCN Exam 3 (8 decks)

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