Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BCN Exam 3 > EEGs, Epilepsy, and Sleep > Flashcards

EEGs, Epilepsy, and Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Which hypothalamic nucleus regulates the pineal gland?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the genes responsible for circadian rhythm?

A

Per, Tim, Clock, Cryptochrome, Bmal 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which gene will cause odd circadian rhythms if mutated?

A

Per

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which proteins increase the activity of the SCN that regulate sleep and wake?

A

Per and Tim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If the SCN is damaged what might occur?

A

Less consistent body rhythms that don’t sync to light and dark of the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete?

A

Melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the chemical process of sleep?

A

Melatonin secreted 2-3 hrs before bed, feeds back to reset biological clock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is jet lag?

A

Disruption of the circadian rhythm due to crossing time zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When you travel west and get jet lag what happened to the circadian rhythm?

A

Phase delay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When you travel east and get jet lag what happened to the circadian rhythm?

A

Phase advance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What constitutes normal sleep?

A

Sleep consists of repetitive cycles lasting about 90 minutes, advancing though non-REM and REM stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three N stages and REM?

A

N1: Drowsiness
N2: Light sleep
N3: Deep sleep
REM: Dream sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

About how long does it take to cycle through a NREM and REM cycle?

A

90 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is N3 predominant?

A

Early at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is REM predominant?

A

Later at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When are you likely to see alpha rhythm?

A

Awake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When are you likely to see beta rhythms?

A

REM and awake

18
Q

When are you likely to see theta rhythms?

A

Stage 1/N1

19
Q

When are you likely to see the K complex?

A

Stage 2/N2

20
Q

When are you likely to see delta rhythms?

A

Stage 3+4/N3

21
Q

When are you likely to see spindles?

A

Stage 2/N2

22
Q

What is the part of the brain that contributes to cortical arousal?

A

Pontomesencephalon

23
Q

What is orexin?

A

Peptide neurotransmitter released from the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus responsible for the ability to stay awake

24
Q

What if you have low levels of orexin?

A

Nacrolepsy

25
Q

What is the locus coeruleus?

A

Small structure in the pons whose axons release norepinephrine to arouse various areas of the cortex and inc wakefulness

26
Q

What is the basal forebrain?

A

An area anterior and doral to the hypothalamus containing cells that entend throughout the thalamus and cerebral cortex

27
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released by the basal forbrain?

A

GABA

28
Q

What is accumulated in the brain to inhibit fore-brain arousal response?

A

Adenosine

29
Q

What blocks adenosine receptors?

A

Caffeine

30
Q

What accumulates in the body to induce sleep?

A

Protaglandins

31
Q

What is the pons’ action in sleep?

A

Sends messages to spinal cord which inhibit motor neurons that control large muscles to prevent movememtn in REM

32
Q

What neurotransmitters regulate REM?

A

Serotonin and AcH

33
Q

What is the most prevalent sleep disorder?

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

34
Q

What effects memory consolidation?

A

Cortisol

35
Q

What are some nonpharmacological treatments for insomnia?

A

Reversing learned associations, sleep hygiene

36
Q

What can increase insomnia?

A

Depression, anxiety and panic disorder

37
Q

What is obstructive apnea syndrome?

A

Upper airway obstruction during deep sleep

38
Q

Where is the most likely region in the brain for a seizure to start during sleep?

A

Frontal

39
Q

Where is the most likely region in the brain for a seizure to start while awake?

A

Posterior

40
Q

From what area are seizures more likely to generalize during sleep?

A

Occipital

BCN Exam 3 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions