Yi Unit 7 Flashcards
Mexican Revolution 7.1
The Mexican Revolution stemmed from Diaz allowing foreign investors to have control over Mexican’s resources rather than having Mexican people control their own economy. One direct cause was the jailing of Francisco Madero, along with growing opposition to Diaz’s strong-armed policies, accommodations to foreign powers, and opposition to land reforms.
Internal and external factors contributed to change in various states after 1900 when the West became a global power that dominated global politics, many land-based empires fell, Russia turned to communism, and states around the world began to revolt and challenge the political and social order.
Russian Revolution 7.1
Russia was behind the rest of Europe in industrialization, and in turn, fell behind in wealth and power. They were also slow to expand education for peasants, build roads and other aspects of transportation, and support entrepreneurs with loans and contracts. They were also reluctant to respond to calls for political reforms. This caused many external conflicts like the Crimean War against the Ottoman Empire and the Russo-Japanese War, both of which Russia lost. The monarchy was abolished, and the Bolsheviks and Lenin seized power and implemented a communist government and started the five-year plans for Russia to catch up with the rest of Europe and become a large power.
Internal and external factors contributed to change in various states after 1900 when the West became a global power that dominated global politics, many land-based empires fell, Russia turned to communism, and states around the world began to revolt and challenge the political and social order.
Causes of WWI 7.2
The immediate cause of WWI was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. However, militarism, nationalism, imperialism, and alliances were all long-term causes of WWI. The rise of nationalism led to imperialism because of the want for their country to have the most and power, In turn, Imperialism led to militarism because of the strengthening of militaries due to wanting to imperialize countries. Militarism led to the formation of secret alliances because countries allied against a common rival, who were rivals because of their strong military and the competition for more land.
The causes of World War I are imperial expansion, competition for resources, territorial and regional conflicts, a flawed alliance system, and intense nationalism. All of these factors led to an escalation of global conflict, leading to World War I.
Total War 7.3
Total war is a war where all the resources in a country, including a country’s civilian population. They were either drafted into the war or worked in factories to produce materials for the war. There was also an element of propaganda to persuade the public in helping out in the war.
Governments used a variety of methods like political propaganda, art, media, and intensified nationalism. They used these methods in an attempt to mobilize the country with the idea of waging war. There were also new innovations in military technology that led to an increase of wartime casualties.
Great Depression 7.4
The Great Depression was a period of time during the interwar years when stock markets crashed and caused unstable economies all across the world. After WWI, Germany took all the blame for the war, thus their economy became destabilized. The U.S offered loans to Germany to pay off France, and France paid off its debt to the US. Once the US economy and stock markets/banks failed, it affected the rest of the world’s economies.
Different governments responded to the economic crisis after 1900 in two different ways. In countries like the US, governments began to take a larger part in the economy. However, in countries like the Soviet Union, the government began to control the national economy with Five Year Plans, which were often very repressive and negative towards the population.
New Deal 7.4
The New Deal was introduced by FDR and was implemented to bring on reform, relief, and recovery in the US. It brought on relief to the country’s citizens including women, minorities, poor, unemployed, and farmers. Although it didn’t fix the Great Depression, it gave the country hope and prevented them from turning to fascism.
Different governments responded to the economic crisis after 1900 in two different ways. In countries like the US, governments began to take a larger part in the economy. However, in countries like the Soviet Union, the government began to control the national economy with Five Year Plans, which were often very repressive and negative towards the population.
Five Year Plans (Soviet Union) 7.4
Five-year plans were plans, first implemented by Stalin, that planned out the next five years of the Soviet Union’s economy. Stalin’s five-year plan was a plan to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union.
Different governments responded to the economic crisis after 1900 in two different ways. In countries like the US, governments began to take a larger part in the economy. However, in countries like the Soviet Union, the government began to control the national economy with Five Year Plans, which were often very repressive and negative towards the population.
Fascist Corporate Economy 7.4
Fascism stemmed from extreme and aggressive nationalism, blamed minorities for the country’s problems, and glorified the military. Fascism created a totalitarian state where the country had total control over everything including the economy, thus creating a fascist corporate economy. Everyone was viewed as working for the state rather than themselves, and all senses of individuality were dissipated. The people were to work and do things that would support the state.
Different governments responded to the economic crisis after 1900 in two different ways. In countries like the US, governments began to take a larger part in the economy. However, in countries like the Soviet Union, the government began to control the national economy with Five Year Plans, which were often very repressive and negative towards the population.
Mandates 7.5
Mandates were created as a result of the peace conference, and it split the colonies of the central powers between the allied countries. Instead of freeing the colonies that were promised freedom if they fought with the allies, they instead were transferred to the allied countries. The Allied countries increased their imperial holdings instead of encouraging decolonization. They did this because they believed that those colonized people depended on the larger and more advanced nations to survive.
One continuity in territorial holdings from 1900 to the present was that Western and Japanese imperial states continued to maintain power and control over colonial territories. Some changes in territorial holdings from 1900 to the present were that some territories, like German colonies, were transferred to other powers, like Great Britain, and some started anti-imperial resistances, like the Indian National Congress.
Causes of WWII 7.6
The direct cause of WWII was Germany’s takeover of Poland. Hitler had directly betrayed the agreement between Britain, France, and Germany stating that Poland would not be taken over. However, before this, The League of Nations didn’t interfere with Hitler’s regime, which aided in Hitler gaining power and starting World War II. Britain and France had appeasements with Germany over Checklslovakia and Austria
World War II was caused by unstable peace settlements after WWI, continued imperialist aspirations, a global economic crisis that was furthered by the Great Depression, and the rise of fascist and totalitarian rulers that resulted in aggressive militarism.
New Military Tech WWII 7.7
New military technology like the atomic bomb and radars assisted in WWII but also increased the number of casualties in the war. The atomic bomb was dropped over Hiroshima and Nagasaki and killed many civilians. Radars assisted in British in defeating Germany by detecting and destroying German planes faster than they could be replaced.
Some similarities in how governments used a variety of methods to conduct war is the use of mobilizing their countries to prepare for war by using political propaganda, art, media, intensified nationalism, and ideologies. However, totalitarian states repressed basic freedoms of the people there, and dominated many aspects of daily life during the war and afterwards.
Holocaust 7.8
In Germany, a new idea called nazism, which was fascism plus anti-semitism came about. Nazis were people who blamed Jewish people for economic problems in Germany, and all of Germany’s problems. Hitler first targeted Jews in order to have them emigrate to other places, but by 1940 his new plan was to exterminate Jews
Some causes of mass atrocities in the period of 1900 to the present are the rise of extremist groups that led to the attempted destruction of specific populations and other atrocities acts of genocide. The consequences of these mass atrocities is the loss of life and destruction of those specific populations, like the Jews in the Holocause and Armenians during the Ottoman Empire.
Ukrainian Genocide 7.8
In Ukraine, there were many anti-collectivization movements, which made Stalin blockaded all the routes outside of Ukraine to stop these movements, in turn forcing an artificial famine on the Ukrainian people, causing a Ukrainian genocide.
Some causes of mass atrocities in the period of 1900 to the present are the rise of extremist groups that led to the attempted destruction of specific populations and other atrocities acts of genocide. The consequences of these mass atrocities is the loss of life and destruction of those specific populations, like the Jews in the Holocause and Armenians during the Ottoman Empire.
